Edgar Filing: Globalstar, Inc.

10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-K



(Mark One)
x	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2015



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from to

Commission File Number 001-33117

GLOBALSTAR, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)



Delaware		41-2116508
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

300 Holiday Square Blvd.

Covington, Louisiana 70433

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code (985) 335-1500



Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class		Name of exchange on which registered
Voting Common Stock		NYSE MKT

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large accelerated filer x	Accelerated filer ¨	Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)

Yes ¨ No x

The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates at June 30, 2015, the last business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $855.8 million.

As of February 22, 2016, 904,490,041 shares of voting common stock and 134,008,656 shares of nonvoting common stock were outstanding. Unless the context otherwise requires, references to common stock in this Report mean registrant's voting common stock.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant's Proxy Statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Report.

FORM 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page
	PART I
Item 1.	Business	3
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	14
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	26
Item 2.	Properties	27
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	27
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	27
	PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	27
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	28
Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	28
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	49
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	108
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	108
Item 9B.	Other Information	109
	PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	109
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	109
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	109
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	109
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	109
	PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	110
Signatures		111

PART I

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in or incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the "Report"), other than purely historical information, including, but not limited to, estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words "believe," "project," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "intend," "strategy," "plan," "may," "should," "will," "would," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," and similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements, such as the statements regarding our ability to develop and expand our business (including our ability to monetize our spectrum rights), our anticipated capital spending, our ability to manage costs, our ability to exploit and respond to technological innovation, the effects of laws and regulations (including tax laws and regulations) and legal and regulatory changes (including regulation related to the use of our spectrum), the opportunities for strategic business combinations and the effects of consolidation in our industry on us and our competitors, our anticipated future revenues, our anticipated financial resources, our expectations about the future operational performance of our satellites (including their projected operational lives), the expected strength of and growth prospects for our existing customers and the markets that we serve, commercial acceptance of new products, problems relating to the ground-based facilities operated by us or by independent gateway operators, worldwide economic, geopolitical and business conditions and risks associated with doing business on a global basis and other statements contained in this Report regarding matters that are not historical facts, involve predictions. Risks and uncertainties that could cause or contribute to such differences include, without limitation, those in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Report. We do not intend, and undertake no obligation, to update any of our forward-looking statements after the date of this Report to reflect actual results or future events or circumstances.

Item 1. Business

Globalstar, Inc. (“we,” “us” or the "Company”) provides Mobile Satellite Services (“MSS”) including voice and data communications services globally via satellite. By providing wireless communications services in areas not served or underserved by terrestrial wireless and wireline networks and in circumstances where terrestrial networks are not operational due to natural or man-made disasters, we seek to meet our customers' increasing desire for connectivity. We offer voice and data communication services over our network of in-orbit satellites and our active ground stations (or “gateways”), which we refer to collectively as the Globalstar System.

We currently provide the following communications services via satellite. These services are available only with equipment designed to work on our network:


•	two-way voice communication and data transmissions (“Duplex”) using mobile or fixed devices; and


•	one-way data transmissions ("Simplex") using a mobile or fixed device that transmits its location and other information to a central monitoring station, which includes certain SPOT and Simplex products.

Recent Events

Second-Generation Ground Infrastructure Update

With support from Hughes Network Systems, LLC ("Hughes"), our technical team has successfully completed the deployment of our second-generation Radio Access Network ("RAN") in all gateways located in the United States, Canada and France. The RAN installations at our Brazilian gateways are scheduled for mid-2016 with over-the-air testing planned in the third quarter of 2016. To enhance our second-generation coverage in the Caribbean, we plan to deploy a RAN at our gateway in Puerto Rico by the end of the first quarter of 2016.

We are nearing completion of the second-generation ground system upgrades. Site acceptance of the core network equipment at one of our gateways in Canada started in January 2016 and final configuration acceptance testing has been completed. In March 2016, we expect to complete the final production acceptance testing, including roaming, short message service and multimedia message service, and have hardware at our North American gateways installed and ready for service.

These second-generation upgrades allow us to develop smaller and less expensive mass market products with significantly higher data speeds as compared to our first-generation products.

Regulatory Reform for Terrestrial Spectrum Authority

In November 2013, the Federal Communications Commission (the "FCC") proposed rules which, if adopted, would enable us to offer low power terrestrial broadband services over a portion of our licensed MSS spectrum. We have termed these services Terrestrial Low Power Service ("TLPS"). We believe TLPS represents a differentiated, premium, and immediate solution to existing Wi-Fi congestion. During 2015, we announced the successful results of two TLPS deployments, where we demonstrated a material increase in user throughput and network levels. The deployments also provided additional data confirming the successful coexistence of TLPS with other existing services. With these real world deployments of our TLPS operations, we have shown the FCC the dramatic consumer benefits that are achievable, and we anticipate that the FCC will take final action in this proceeding in the near future. The proposed rules would substantially revise the gating criteria for terrestrial use of our spectrum and would allow us to provide TLPS over our licensed spectrum together with the non-exclusive use of adjacent unlicensed spectrum. If the FCC takes final action to adopt these proposed rules, we plan to establish one or more partnerships to deploy commercial service promptly as well as to seek similar terrestrial authority in certain international jurisdictions.

SPOT Satellite Devices Achieve 4,000^th Rescue

In December 2015, we announced that our SPOT family of products had initiated the 4,000th rescue, proving how essential our technology is to saving lives. Currently, we are receiving almost two SOS messages per day that result in life-saving rescues globally. SPOT delivers affordable location-based messaging and life-saving emergency notification technology to hundreds of thousands of users, completely independent of cellular coverage.

Next Generation Technology Agreement with Yippy, Inc.

On December 17, 2015, we announced a new agreement with Yippy Inc., which allows us to leverage the Yippy EASE 360 platform and proprietary data compression, optimization and security software. Starting in 2016, our subscribers will have access to Yippy's industry leading software platform to provide a broadband-like data experience to our existing and prospective subscribers. This service will be available over both our first and second-generation products. Yippy will also have the ability to resell our services to prospective customers who need to maintain efficient, secure and often critical business communications.

Overview

We have integrated our second-generation satellites with our first-generation satellites to form our second-generation constellation of Low Earth Orbit (“LEO”) satellites. The restoration of our constellation’s Duplex capabilities was complete in August 2013 forming the world's most modern satellite network.

This restoration of Duplex capabilities resulted in a substantial increase in service levels, making our products and services more desirable to existing and potential customers. We are gaining new customers and winning back former customers, which contributes to increases in Duplex service revenue. We offer a range of price-competitive products to the industrial, governmental and consumer markets. Due to the unique design of the Globalstar System (and based on customer input), we believe that we offer the best voice quality among our peer group.

We designed our second-generation satellites to last twice as long in space, have 40% greater capacity and be built at a significantly lower cost compared to our first-generation satellites. We achieved this longer life by increasing the solar array and battery capacity, using a larger fuel tank, adding redundancy for key satellite equipment, and improving radiation specifications and additional lot level testing for all susceptible electronic components, in order to account for the accumulated dosage of radiation encountered during a 15-year mission at the operational altitude of the satellites. The second-generation satellites use passive S-band antennas on the body of the spacecraft providing additional shielding for the active amplifiers which are located inside the spacecraft, unlike the first-generation amplifiers that were located on the outside as part of the active antenna array. Each satellite has a high degree of on-board subsystem redundancy, an on-board fault detection system and isolation and recovery for safe and quick risk mitigation.

We define a successful level of service for our customers as measured by their ability to make uninterrupted calls of average duration for a system-wide average number of minutes per month. Our goal is to provide service levels and call success rates equal to or better than our MSS competitors so our products and services are attractive to potential customers. We define voice quality as the ability to easily hear, recognize and understand callers with imperceptible delay in the transmission. Due to the unique design of the Globalstar System, by this measure our system outperforms geostationary (“GEO”) satellites used by some of our

competitors. Due to the difference in signal travel distance, GEO satellite signals must travel approximately 42,000 additional nautical miles, which introduces considerable delay and signal degradation to GEO calls. For our competitors using cross-linked satellite architectures, which require multiple inter-satellite connections to complete a call, signal degradation and delay can result in compromised call quality as compared to that experienced over the Globalstar System.

We also compete aggressively on price. Our MSS handsets are priced lower than those of our main MSS competitors, providing access to MSS services to a broader range of subscribers. We expect to retain our position as the low cost, high quality leader in the MSS industry.

Our satellite communications business, by providing critical mobile communications to our subscribers, serves principally the following markets: recreation and personal; government; public safety and disaster relief; oil and gas; maritime and fishing; natural resources, mining and forestry; construction; utilities; and transportation.

At December 31, 2015, we served approximately 688,000 subscribers. We increased our net subscribers by 8% from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2015. We count "subscribers" based on the number of devices that are subject to agreements which entitle them to use our voice or data communications services rather than the number of persons or entities who own or lease those devices.

We designed our second-generation constellation to support our current lineup of Duplex, SPOT and Simplex products. With the improvement in both coverage and service quality resulting from the deployment of our second-generation constellation and with the release of new product and service offerings, we anticipate further expansion of our subscriber base and increases in our average revenue per user, or “ARPU.”

Our products and services are sold through a variety of independent agents, dealers and resellers, and independent gateway operators (“IGOs”). We have distribution relationships with a number of "Big Box" and online retailers and other similar distribution channels which expands the diversification of our distribution channels.

Duplex Two-Way Voice and Data Products

Mobile Voice and Data Satellite Communications Services and Equipment

We provide mobile voice and data services to a wide variety of commercial, government and recreational customers for remote business continuity, recreational, emergency response and other applications. Subscribers under these plans typically pay an initial activation fee to an agent or dealer or to us, a monthly usage fee to us that entitles the customer to a fixed or unlimited number of minutes, and fees for additional services such as voicemail, call forwarding, short messaging, email, data compression and internet access. Extra fees may also apply for non-voice services, roaming and long-distance. We regularly monitor our service offerings in accordance with customer demands and market changes and offer pricing plans such as bundled minutes, annual plans and unlimited plans.

We offer our services for use only with equipment designed to work on our network, which users generally purchase in conjunction with an initial service plan. We offer the GSP-1700 phone, which includes a user-friendly color LCD screen and a variety of accessories. The phone design represents a significant improvement over earlier-generation equipment that we believe facilitates increased adoption by users. We also believe that the GSP-1700 is among the smallest, lightest and least-expensive satellite phones available. We are the only MSS provider using Qualcomm Incorporated's ("Qualcomm") patented CDMA technology that we believe provides superior voice quality when compared to competitive handsets.

In June 2014, we announced the release of a new voice and data solution, Sat-Fi. With Sat-Fi, our customers can use their current smartphones, tablets and laptops to send and receive communications via the Globalstar satellite system when traveling beyond cellular service, achieving a level of seamless connectivity not offered before. We believe Sat-Fi is superior to other competitors' products, providing the fastest, most affordable, mobile satellite data speeds (4x faster than our primary competitor) and the clearest voice communications in the MSS industry. Through a convenient smartphone app which enables connectivity between any Wi-Fi-enabled device and the Sat-Fi satellite hot spot, subscribers can easily send and receive email and SMS text messages and make voice calls from their own device any time they are in range of a Sat-Fi device. We believe Sat-Fi represents a major step forward in our desire to integrate seamlessly our mobile satellite capabilities into the communications services that people use on a daily basis. With future enhancements, customers will not necessarily know, nor will they care, when they are communicating via the Globalstar System, given our superior voice quality and low-priced service plans.

In September 2014, we released our newest data solution, the Globalstar 9600™. With the 9600, our customers can use a convenient app to pair seamlessly with their existing satellite phone and smartphone to send and receive email over the Globalstar

System. This affordable data hotspot is ideal for remote workforces in industries such as energy and construction to communicate via email, send status reports, download local weather and send pictures. Our marine customers also benefit from the ease of use and the ability to affordably send data and make voice calls beyond cellular.

Fixed Voice and Data Satellite Communications Services and Equipment

We provide fixed voice and data services in rural villages, at remote industrial, commercial and residential sites and on ships at sea, among other places, primarily with our GSP-2900 fixed phone. Fixed voice and data satellite communications services are in many cases an attractive alternative to mobile satellite communications services in environments where multiple users will access the service within a defined geographic area and cellular or ground phone service is not available. Our fixed units also may be mounted on vehicles, barges and construction equipment and benefit from the ability to have higher gain antennas. Our fixed voice and data service plans are similar to our mobile voice and data plans and offer similar flexibility. In addition to offering monthly service plans, our fixed phones can be configured as pay phones installed at a central location, for example, in a rural village.

Satellite Data Modem Services and Equipment

In addition to data utilization through fixed and mobile services described above, we offer data-only services through Duplex devices that have two-way transmission capabilities. Duplex asset-tracking applications enable customers to control directly their remote assets and perform complex monitoring activities. We offer asynchronous and packet data service in all of our Duplex territories. Customers can use our products to access the internet, corporate virtual private networks and other customer specific data centers. Our satellite data modems can be activated under any of our current pricing plans. Customers can access satellite data modems in every Duplex region we serve. We provide store-and-forward capabilities to customers who do not require real-time transmission and reception of data. Additionally, we offer a data acceleration and compression service to the satellite data modem market. This service increases web-browsing, email and other data transmission speeds without any special equipment or hardware.

Direct Sales, Dealers and Resellers

Our sales group is responsible for conducting direct sales with key accounts and for managing indirect agent, dealer and reseller relationships in assigned territories in the countries in which we operate.

The reseller channel for Duplex equipment and service is comprised primarily of communications equipment retailers and commercial communications equipment rental companies that retain and bill clients directly, outside of our billing system. Many of our resellers specialize in niche vertical markets where high-use customers are concentrated. We have sales arrangements with major resellers to market our services, including some value added resellers that integrate our products into their proprietary end products or applications.

Our typical dealer is a communications services business-to-business equipment retailer. We offer competitive service and equipment commissions to our network of dealers to encourage sales.

In addition to sales through our distribution managers, agents, dealers and resellers, customers can place orders through our existing sales force and through our direct e-commerce website.

SPOT Consumer Retail Products

The SPOT product family has now initiated over 4,000 rescues since its launch in 2007. Averaging nearly two rescues per day, SPOT delivers affordable and reliable satellite-based connectivity and real-time GPS tracking to hundreds of thousands of users, completely independent of cellular coverage. We are not aware of any other competitive offering that can match the life-saving record of our SPOT family of products. As we continue to innovate and grow the SPOT family of products, we are committed to providing affordable life-saving products to an expanding target market of millions of people globally.

We have differentiated ourselves from other MSS providers by offering affordable, high utility mobile satellite products that appeal to the mainstream consumer market. With the 2009 acquisition of satellite asset tracking and consumer messaging products manufacturer Axonn LLC (“Axonn”), we believe we are the only vertically integrated mobile satellite company, which results in decreased pre-production costs, quality assurance and shorter time to market for our retail consumer products.

SPOT Satellite GPS Messenger

We began commercial sales of the first SPOT products and services when we introduced the SPOT Personal Tracker in 2007. In 2009, we introduced an updated version of this product, the SPOT Satellite GPS Messenger ("SPOT 2"). In September 2013, we introduced SPOT Gen3, the current generation of the SPOT Satellite GPS Messenger. SPOT Gen3 offers enhanced functionality with more tracking features, improved battery performance and more power options, including rechargeable and USB direct line power.

We have targeted our SPOT Gen3 to recreational and commercial markets that require personal tracking, emergency location and messaging solutions that operate beyond the reach of terrestrial wireless and wireline coverage. Using our network and web-based mapping software, this device provides consumers with the ability to trace a path geographically or map the location of individuals or equipment. The product also enables users to transmit messages to a specific preprogrammed email address, phone or data device, including a request for assistance and an “SOS” message in the event of an emergency.

SPOT Satellite GPS Messenger products and services are available virtually everywhere through our product distribution channels and through our direct e-commerce website.

SPOT Global Phone

In May 2013, we introduced SPOT Global Phone to the consumer mass market. This product leverages our retailer distribution channels and SPOT brand name. We include the related service and subscriber equipment revenue generated from this product in our Duplex business.

SPOT Trace

In November 2013, we introduced SPOT Trace, a cost effective anti-theft and asset tracking device. SPOT Trace ensures cars, motorcycles, boats, ATVs, snowmobiles and other valuable assets are where they need to be, notifying owners via email or text when movement is detected anytime, using 100% satellite technology to provide location-based messaging and emergency notification for on or off the grid communications.

Product Distribution

We distribute and sell our SPOT products through a variety of distribution channels. We have distribution relationships with a number of "Big Box" retailers and other similar distribution channels including Bass Pro Shops, Big Rock Sports, Cabela's, Fry's Electronics, Gander Mountain, REI, Sportsman's Warehouse and West Marine. We also sell SPOT products and services directly using our existing sales force and through our direct e-commerce website, www.findmespot.com, as well as through certain of our IGOs.

Commercial Simplex One-Way Transmission Products

Simplex service is a one-way data service from a commercial Simplex device over the Globalstar System that can be used to track and monitor assets. Our subscribers currently use our Simplex devices to track cargo containers and rail cars; to monitor utility meters; and to monitor oil and gas assets, as well as a host of other applications. At the heart of the Simplex service is a demodulator and RF interface, called an appliqué, which is located at a gateway and an application server located in our facilities. The appliqué-equipped gateways provide coverage over vast areas of the globe. The small size of the devices makes them attractive for use in tracking asset shipments, monitoring unattended remote assets, trailer tracking and mobile security. Current users include various governmental agencies, including the Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”), the U.S. Army, the U.S. Air Force, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”), the U.S. Forest Service and British Ministry of Defense, as well as other organizations, including BP, Shell and The Salvation Army.

We designed our Simplex service to address the market for a small and cost-effective solution for sending data, such as geographic coordinates, from assets or individuals in remote locations to a central monitoring station. Customers are able to realize an efficiency advantage from tracking assets on a single global system as compared to several regional systems.

We offer small Satellite Transmitters, such as the STX-2 and STX-3, which enable an integrator’s products to access our Simplex network. We also offer complete products that utilize these transmitters. Our Simplex units, including the enterprise products MMT and SMARTONE, are used worldwide by industrial, commercial and government customers. These products provide cost-effective, low power, ultra-reliable, secure monitoring that help solve a variety of security applications and asset tracking challenges.

The reseller channel for Simplex equipment and service is comprised primarily of communications equipment retailers and commercial communications equipment rental companies that retain and bill clients directly, outside of our billing system. Many of our resellers specialize in niche vertical markets where high-use customers are concentrated. We have sales arrangements with major resellers to market our services, including some value added resellers that integrate our STX-2, or our products based on it, into their proprietary solutions designed to meet certain specialized niche market applications.

Independent Gateway Operators

Our wholesale operations encompass primarily bulk sales of wholesale minutes to IGOs around the globe. IGOs maintain their own subscriber bases that are mostly exclusive to us and promote their own service plans. The IGO system allows us to expand in regions that hold significant growth potential but are harder to serve without sufficient operational scale or where local regulatory requirements do not permit us to operate directly.

Currently, 12 of the 25 gateways in our network are owned and operated by unaffiliated companies, some of whom operate more than one gateway. Except for the gateway in Nigeria, in which we hold a 30% equity interest, and Globalstar Asia Pacific, our joint venture in South Korea in which we hold a 49% equity interest, we have no financial interest in these IGOs and conduct business with them through arms’ length contracts for wholesale minutes of service. Some of these IGOs have been unable to grow their businesses adequately due in part to limited resources and the prior inability of our constellation to provide reliable Duplex service.

Set forth below is a list of IGOs as of February 22, 2016:



Location	Gateway	Independent Gateway Operators
Argentina	Bosque Alegre	TE.SA.M Argentina
Australia	Dubbo	Pivotel Group PTY Limited
Australia	Mount Isa	Pivotel Group PTY Limited
Australia	Meekatharra	Pivotel Group PTY Limited
South Korea	Yeo Ju	Globalstar Asia Pacific
Mexico	San Martin	Globalstar de Mexico
Nigeria	Kaduna	Globaltouch (West Africa) Limited
Peru	Lurin	TE.SA.M Peru
Russia	Khabarovsk	GlobalTel
Russia	Moscow	GlobalTel
Russia	Novosibirsk	GlobalTel
Turkey	Ogulbey	Globalstar Avrasya

We currently hold additional gateways in storage that we are actively marketing for future deployment in additional territories.

Other Services

We also provide engineering services to assist our commercial and government customers in developing new applications related to our system and to engineer and install new gateways that use our system. These services include hardware and software designs to develop specific applications operating over our network, as well as, the installation of gateways and antennas.

Our Spectrum and Regulatory Structure

We have access to a world-wide allocation of radio frequency spectrum through the international radio frequency tables administered by the International Telecommunications Union (“ITU”). We believe access to this global spectrum enables us to design satellites, networks and terrestrial infrastructure enhancements more cost effectively because the products and services can be deployed and sold worldwide. In addition, this broad spectrum assignment enhances our ability to capitalize on existing and emerging wireless and broadband applications.

First-Generation Constellation

In the United States, the FCC has authorized us to operate our first-generation satellites in 25.225 MHz of radio spectrum comprising two blocks of non-contiguous radio frequencies in the 1.6/2.4 GHz band commonly referred to as the "Big LEO"

Spectrum Band. Specifically, the FCC has authorized us to operate between 1610-1618.725 MHz for “Uplink” communications from mobile earth terminals to our satellites and between 2483.5-2500 MHz for “Downlink” communications from our satellites to our mobile earth terminals. The FCC has also authorized us to operate our four domestic gateways with our first-generation satellites in the 5091-5250 and 6875-7055 MHz bands.

Three of our subsidiaries hold our FCC licenses. Globalstar Licensee LLC holds our MSS license. GUSA Licensee LLC (“GUSA”) is authorized by the FCC to distribute mobile and fixed subscriber terminals and to operate gateways in the United States. GUSA holds the licenses for our gateways in Texas, Florida and Alaska. Another subsidiary, GCL Licensee LLC (“GCL”), holds an FCC license to operate a gateway in Puerto Rico. GCL is also subject to regulation by the Puerto Rican regulatory agency.

Our former Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit (“NGSO”) satellite constellation license issued by the FCC was valid until April 2013. We filed an application to modify and extend this license. On September 18, 2014 the Satellite Division of the FCC's International Bureau granted the application of Globalstar Licensee LLC to modify its authorization for "Big LEO" non-geostationary orbit MSS space stations by extending the 15-year license term by approximately 11.5 years through October 4, 2024. This license applies only to our continued use of our first-generation satellites.

Second-Generation Constellation

We licensed and registered our second-generation satellites in France. In October 2010, the French Ministry for the Economy, Industry and Employment authorized our wholly owned subsidiary, Globalstar Europe SARL, now Globalstar Europe SAS (“Globalstar Europe”), to operate our second-generation satellites. In November 2010, ARCEP, the French independent administrative authority of post and electronic communications regulations, granted a license to Globalstar Europe to provide mobile satellite service. In August 2011, the French Ministry in charge of space operations issued us final authorization and has undertaken the registration of our second-generation satellites with the United Nations as provided under the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space. In accordance with this authorization to operate the second-generation satellites, in early 2014, we completed the enhancements to the existing gateway operations in Aussaguel, France to include satellite operations and control functions. We now have redundant satellite operation control facilities in Milpitas, California and Aussaguel, France.

The French National Frequencies Agency (“ANFR”) is representing us before the ITU for purposes of receiving assignments of orbital positions and conducting international coordination efforts to address any interference concerns. ANFR submitted the technical papers to the ITU on our behalf in July 2009. As with the first-generation constellation, the ITU will require us to coordinate our spectrum assignments with other companies that use any portion of our spectrum bands. We cannot predict how long the coordination process will take; however, we are able to use the frequencies during the coordination process in accordance with our national licenses.

In addition to having completed the French licensing and registration of our second-generation satellites, in March 2011 we obtained all authorizations necessary from the FCC to operate our domestic gateways with our second-generation satellites.

Potential Terrestrial Use of Globalstar Spectrum

In February 2003, the FCC adopted rules that permit satellite service providers such as Globalstar to establish terrestrial networks utilizing the ancillary terrestrial component (“ATC”) of their licensed spectrum. ATC authorization enables the integration of a satellite-based service with terrestrial wireless services, resulting in a hybrid MSS/ATC network designed to provide advanced services and broad coverage throughout the United States. An ATC deployment could extend our services to urban areas and inside buildings where satellite services are currently not available, as well as to rural and remote areas that lack terrestrial wireless services.

In order to establish an ATC network, a satellite service provider must first meet certain specified requirements commonly known as the “gating criteria.” Currently, these criteria would require us to provide continuous coverage over the United States and have an in-orbit spare satellite. Additionally, ATC services must be complementary or ancillary to MSS in an "integrated service offering," which can be achieved by using "dual-mode" devices capable of transmitting and receiving mobile satellite and ATC signals, or providing “other evidence” that the satellite service provider meets the requirement. Further, user subscriptions that include ATC services must also include MSS. Because of these numerous and onerous requirements, no substantial ATC services have ever been established.

In July 2010, the FCC instituted a rulemaking proceeding and notice of inquiry to consider whether certain gating criteria should be revised or eliminated so as to permit satellite operators to exercise greater flexibility in utilizing ATC. Interested parties, including Globalstar, filed comments in these proceedings in September 2010, proposing to eliminate, or substantially modify the existing gating criteria.

On November 13, 2012, we filed a petition for rulemaking with the FCC, requesting the substantial revision and/or elimination of the gating criteria for ATC services as well as regulatory flexibility to offer terrestrial wireless services, including mobile broadband services over our licensed "Big LEO" spectrum allocation.

In November 2013, the FCC proposed rules, which, if adopted, would enable us to offer low-power ATC services such as TLPS over a portion of our licensed MSS spectrum. We anticipate that the FCC will take final action in this proceeding in the near future. The proposed rules would substantially eliminate the gating criteria as applied to low-power ATC services and would allow us to provide TLPS over our licensed spectrum together with the use of the adjacent unlicensed spectrum. If the FCC adopts these proposed rules, we plan to establish one or more partnerships to deploy commercial service promptly as well as to seek similar terrestrial authority in certain international jurisdictions.

National Regulation of Service Providers

In order to operate gateways, applicable laws and regulations require the IGOs and our affiliates in each country to obtain a license or licenses from that country's telecommunications regulatory authority. In addition, the gateway operator must enter into appropriate interconnection and financial settlement agreements with local and interexchange telecommunications providers. All gateways operated by us and the IGOs are licensed.

Our subscriber equipment generally must be type certified in countries in which it is sold or leased. The manufacturers of the equipment and our affiliates or IGOs are jointly responsible for securing type certification. We have received type certification in multiple countries for each of our products.

Ground Network

Our satellites communicate with a network of 25 gateways, each of which serves an area of approximately 700,000 to 1,000,000 square miles. The design of our orbital planes ensures that generally at least one satellite is visible from any point on the earth's surface between 70° north latitude and 70° south latitude. A gateway must be within line-of-sight of a satellite and the satellite must be within line-of-sight of the subscriber to provide services. We have positioned our gateways to cover most of the world's land and population. We own 13 of these gateways and the rest are owned by IGOs. In addition, we have spare parts in storage, including antennas and gateway electronic equipment, including additional gateways in storage.

Each of our gateways has multiple antennas that communicate with our satellites and pass calls seamlessly between antenna beams and satellites as the satellites traverse the gateways, thereby reflecting the signals from our users' terminals to our gateways. Once a satellite acquires a signal from an end-user, the Globalstar System authenticates the user and establishes the voice or data channel to complete the call to the public switched telephone network, to a cellular or another wireless network or to the internet (for a data call including Simplex).

We believe that our terrestrial gateways provide a number of advantages over the in-orbit switching used by our main competitor, including better call quality, reduced call latency and convenient regionalized local phone numbers for inbound and outbound calling. We also believe that our network's design enables faster and more cost-effective system maintenance and upgrades because the system's software and much of its hardware are located on the ground. Our multiple gateways allow us to reconfigure our system quickly to extend another gateway's coverage to make up some or all of the coverage of a disabled gateway or to handle increased call capacity resulting from surges in demand.

Our network uses Qualcomm's patented CDMA technology to permit diversity combining of the strongest available signals. Patented receivers in our handsets track the pilot channel or signaling channel as well as three additional communications channels simultaneously. Compared to other satellite and network architectures, we offer superior call clarity with virtually no discernible delay. Our system architecture provides full frequency re-use. This maximizes diversity (which maximizes quality) and capacity as we can reuse the assigned spectrum in every satellite beam in every satellite. Our network also works with internet protocol (“IP”) data for reliable transmission of IP messages.

Although our network is currently CDMA-based, it is configured so that it can also support one or more other air interfaces that we may select in the future. For example, we have developed a non-Qualcomm proprietary CDMA technology for our SPOT and Simplex services. Because our satellites are essentially "mirrors in the sky," and all of our network's switches and hardware are located on the ground, we can easily and relatively inexpensively modify our ground hardware and software to use other wave forms to meet customer demands for new and innovative services and products.

Next-Generation Gateways and Other Ground Facilities

We have a contract with Hughes under which Hughes will design, supply and implement the RAN ground network equipment and software upgrades for installation at a number of our satellite gateway ground stations and satellite interface chips to be used in our various next-generation devices. These upgrades will be part of our next-generation ground network.

We also have a contract with Ericsson, Inc. (“Ericsson”) to develop and implement a ground interface, or core network, system that will be installed at our satellite gateway ground stations. The core network system is wireless network and landline compatible and will link our radio access network to the public-switched telephone network (“PSTN”) and/or Internet. This new core network system is part of our next-generation ground network.

Our second-generation constellation, when combined with our next-generation ground network, is designed to provide our customers with enhanced future services featuring increased data speeds of up to 256 kbps in a flexible Internet protocol multimedia subsystem (“IMS”) configuration. We will be able to support multiple products and services, including multicasting; advanced messaging capabilities such as Multimedia Messaging Service (“MMS”); geo-location services; multi-band and multi-mode handsets; and data devices with GPS integration.

We own and operate gateways in the United States, Canada, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, France, Brazil, Singapore and Botswana.

Industry

We compete in the MSS sector of the global communications industry. MSS operators provide voice and data services using a network of one or more satellites and associated ground facilities. Mobile satellite services are usually complementary to, and interconnected with, other forms of terrestrial communications services and infrastructure and are intended to respond to users' desires for connectivity at all times and locations. Customers typically use satellite voice and data communications in situations where existing terrestrial wireline and wireless communications networks are impaired or do not exist.

Worldwide, government organizations, military, natural disaster aid associations, event-driven response agencies and corporate security teams depend on mobile and fixed voice and data communications services on a regular basis. Global businesses with global operations require communications services when operating in remote locations around the world. MSS users span the forestry, maritime, government, oil and gas, mining, leisure, emergency services, construction and transportation sectors, among others.

Over the past two decades, the global MSS market has experienced significant growth. Increasingly, better-tailored, improved-technology products and services are creating new channels of demand for mobile satellite services. Growth in demand for mobile satellite voice services is driven by the declining cost of these services, the diminishing size and lower costs of the handsets, as well as, heightened demand by governments, businesses and individuals for ubiquitous global voice and data coverage. Growth in mobile satellite data services is driven by the rollout of new applications requiring higher bandwidth, as well as low cost data collection and asset tracking devices and technological improvements permitting integration of mobile satellite services over smartphones and other Wi-Fi enabled devices.

Communications industry sectors that are relevant to our business include:


•	MSS, which provide customers with connectivity to mobile and fixed devices using a network of satellites and ground facilities;


•	fixed satellite services, which use geostationary satellites to provide customers with voice and broadband communications links between fixed points on the earth's surface; and


•	terrestrial services, which use a terrestrial network to provide wireless or wireline connectivity and are complementary to satellite services.

Within the major satellite sectors, fixed and MSS operators differ significantly from each other. Fixed satellite services providers, such as Intelsat Ltd., Eutelsat Communications and SES S.A., and aperture terminal companies, such as Hughes and Gilat Satellite Networks, are characterized by large, often stationary or "fixed," ground terminals that send and receive high-bandwidth signals to and from the satellite network for video and high speed data customers and international telephone markets. On the other hand, MSS providers, such as Globalstar, Inmarsat PLC (“Inmarsat”) and Iridium Communications Inc. (“Iridium”), focus more on voice and data services (including data services which track the location of remote assets such as shipping containers), where mobility or small sized terminals are essential. As mobile satellite terminals begin to offer higher bandwidth to support a wider range of applications, we expect MSS operators will increasingly compete with fixed satellite services operators.

LEO systems reduce transmission delay compared to a geosynchronous system due to the shorter distance signals have to travel. In addition, LEO systems are less prone to signal blockage and, consequently, we believe provide a better overall quality of service.

Competition

The global communications industry is highly competitive. We currently face substantial competition from other service providers that offer a range of mobile and fixed communications options. Our most direct competition comes from other global MSS providers. Our two largest global competitors are Inmarsat and Iridium. We compete primarily on the basis of coverage, quality, portability and pricing of services and products.

Inmarsat owns and operates a fleet of geostationary satellites. Due to its multiple-satellite geostationary system, Inmarsat's coverage area extends to and covers most bodies of water more completely than we do. Accordingly, Inmarsat is the leading provider of satellite communications services to the maritime sector. Inmarsat also offers global land-based and aeronautical communications services. We compete with Inmarsat in several key areas, particularly in our maritime markets. Inmarsat markets mobile handsets designed to compete with both Iridium’s mobile handset service and our GSP-1700 handset service.

Iridium owns and operates a fleet of low earth orbit satellites. Iridium provides voice and data communications to businesses, United States and foreign governments, non-governmental organizations and consumers. Iridium markets products and services that are similar to those marketed by us.

We compete with regional mobile satellite communications services in several markets. In these cases, our competitors serve customers who require regional, not global, mobile voice and data services, so our competitors present a viable alternative to our services. All of these competitors operate geostationary satellites. Our principal regional MSS competitor is Thuraya in the Middle East and Africa.

In some of our markets, such as rural telephony, we compete directly or indirectly with very small aperture terminal (“VSAT”) operators that offer communications services through private networks using very small aperture terminals or hybrid systems to target business users. VSAT operators have become increasingly competitive due to technological advances that have resulted in smaller, more flexible and cheaper terminals.

We compete indirectly with terrestrial wireline (“landline”) and wireless communications networks. We provide service in areas that are inadequately covered by these ground systems. To the extent that terrestrial communications companies invest in underdeveloped areas, we will face increased competition in those areas.

Our SPOT products compete indirectly with Personal Locator Beacons (“PLB”s). A variety of manufacturers offer PLBs to an industry specification.

Our industry has significant barriers to entry, including the cost and difficulty associated with obtaining spectrum licenses and successfully building and launching a satellite network. In addition to cost, there is a significant amount of lead-time associated with obtaining the required licenses, designing and building the satellite constellation and synchronizing the network technology. We will continue to face competition from Inmarsat and Iridium and other businesses that have developed global mobile satellite communications services.

United States International Traffic in Arms Regulations and Other Trade Restrictions

The United States International Traffic in Arms regulations under the United States Arms Export Control Act authorize the President of the United States to control the export and import of articles and services that can be used in the production of arms. The President has delegated this authority to the U.S. Department of State, Directorate of Defense Trade Controls. Among other things, these regulations limit the ability to export certain articles and related technical data to certain nations. Some information involved in the performance of our operations falls within the scope of these regulations. As a result, we may have to obtain an export authorization or restrict access to that information by international companies that are our vendors or service providers. We have received and expect to continue to receive export licenses for our telemetry and control equipment located outside the United States. We also are subject to restrictions related to transactions with persons subject to Unites States or foreign sanctions. These regulations limit our ability to offer services and equipment in certain areas.

Environmental Matters

We are subject to various laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment and human health and safety (including those governing the management, storage and disposal of hazardous materials). Some of our operations require continuous power supply. As a result, current and historical operations at our ground facilities, including our gateways, include storing fuel and batteries, which may contain hazardous materials, to power back-up generators. As an owner or operator of property and in connection with our current and historical operations, we could incur significant costs, including cleanup costs, fines, sanctions and third-party claims, as a result of violations of or in connection with liabilities under environmental laws and regulations.

Customers

The specialized needs of our global customers span many markets. Our system is able to offer our customers cost-effective communications solutions in areas unserved or underserved by existing telecommunications infrastructures. Although traditional users of wireless telephony and broadband data services have access to these services in developed locations, our targeted customers often operate, travel to or live in remote regions or regions with under-developed telecommunications infrastructure where these services are not readily available or are not provided on a reliable basis.

Our top revenue generating markets in the United States and Canada are government (including federal, state and local agencies), public safety and disaster relief, recreation and personal and telecommunications. We also serve customers in the maritime and fishing, oil and gas, natural resources (mining and forestry), construction, utilities and transportation markets.

No one customer was responsible for more than 10% of our revenue in 2015, 2014, or 2013.

Foreign Operations

We supply services and products to a number of foreign customers. Although most of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars, we are exposed to currency risk for sales in Canada, Europe, Brazil and other countries. In 2015, approximately 35% of our sales were generated in foreign countries, which generally are denominated in local currencies. See Note 12: Geographic Information in the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding revenue by country. For more information about our exposure to risks related to foreign locations, see Item 1A: Risk Factors - We face special risks by doing business in developing markets, including currency and expropriation risks, which could increase our costs or reduce our revenues in these areas.

Intellectual Property

We hold various U.S. and foreign patents and patents pending that expire between 2016 and 2032. These patents cover many aspects of our satellite system, our global network and our user terminals. In recent years, we have reduced our foreign filings and allowed some previously-granted foreign patents to lapse based on (a) the significance of the patent, (b) our assessment of the likelihood that someone would infringe in the foreign country, and (c) the probability that we could or would enforce the patent in light of the expense of filing and maintaining the foreign patent which, in some countries, is quite substantial. We continue to maintain all of the patents in the United States, Canada and Europe which we believe are important to our business. Our intellectual property is pledged as security for our obligations under our senior secured credit facility agreement (the “Facility Agreement”).

Employees

As of December 31, 2015, we had 325 employees, 19 of whom were located in Brazil and subject to collective bargaining agreements. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.

Seasonality

Usage on the network and, to some extent, sales are subject to seasonal and situational changes. April through October are typically our peak months for service revenues and equipment sales. We also experience event-driven revenue fluctuations in our business. Most notably, emergencies, natural disasters and other sizable projects where satellite-based communications devices are the only solution may generate an increase in revenue. In the consumer area, SPOT devices are subject to outdoor and leisure activity opportunities, as well as our promotional efforts.

Services and Equipment

Sales of services accounted for approximately 82%, 78% and 78% of our total revenues for 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. We also sell the related voice and data equipment to our customers, which accounted for approximately 18%, 22% and 22% of our total revenues for 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.

Additional Information

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC's public reference room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information on the public reference room. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy and information statements and other information that issuers (including Globalstar) file electronically with the SEC. Our electronic SEC filings are available to the public at the SEC's internet site, www.sec.gov.

We make available free of charge financial information, news releases, SEC filings, including our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC on our website at www.globalstar.com. The documents available on, and the contents of, our website are not incorporated by reference into this Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as all of the information in this Report and our other past and future filings with the SEC, in evaluating and understanding us and our business. Additional risks not presently known or which we currently deem immaterial may also impact our business operations and the risks identified below may adversely affect our business in ways we do not currently anticipate. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks.

Risks Related to Our Business

The implementation of our business plan and our ability to generate income from operations assume we are able to maintain a healthy constellation and ground network, and products and services capable of providing commercially acceptable levels of coverage and service quality, which are contingent on a number of factors.

Our products and services are subject to the risks inherent in a large-scale, complex telecommunications system employing advanced technology. Any disruption to our satellites, services, information systems or telecommunications infrastructure could result in the inability of our customers to receive our services for an indeterminate period of time.

Since we launched our first satellites in the 1990’s, some first-generation satellites have failed in orbit and have been retired and we expect others to fail in the future. Although we designed our second-generation satellites to provide commercial service over a 15-year life, we can provide no assurance as to whether any or all of them will continue in operation for their full 15-year design life. Further, our satellites may experience temporary outages or otherwise may not be fully functioning at any given time. There are some remote tools we use to remedy certain types of problems affecting the performance of our satellites, but the physical repair of satellites in space is not feasible. We do not insure our satellites against in-orbit failures after an initial period of six months, whether the failures are caused by internal or external factors.

Prior to 2014 our ability to generate revenue and cash flow was impacted adversely by our inability to offer commercially acceptable levels of Duplex service due to the degradation of our first-generation constellation. As a result, we improved the design of our second-generation constellation to last twice as long in space and have 40% greater capacity compared to our first-generation constellation. Anomalies with our satellites have and may continue to develop that could affect their ability to remain in commercial service, and we cannot guarantee that we could successfully develop and implement a solution to these anomalies.

We initially designed our ground stations to operate with our first-generation satellites. Although our second-generation satellites are fully compatible with our first-generation products and services, our ground stations require upgrades to enable us to integrate our second-generation technology and service offerings with our second-generation satellites. We have entered into various contracts to upgrade our ground network. This work is in process, but the completion of these upgrades may not be successful.

In order to maintain commercially acceptable service long-term , we must obtain and launch additional satellites from time to time. As discussed in Note 7: Contingencies in our Consolidated Financial Statements, we and Thales Alenia Space France ("Thales") may negotiate the terms of a follow-on contract for additional satellites, but we can provide no assurance as to whether we will ultimately agree on commercial terms for such a purchase. If we are unable to agree with Thales on commercial terms for

the purchase of additional satellites, we may enter into negotiations with one or more other satellite manufacturers, but we cannot provide any assurance that these negotiations will be successful.

We incurred operating losses in the past three years and these losses are likely to continue.

We incurred operating losses of $66.6 million, $95.9 million and $87.4 million in 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. These losses resulted, in part, from non-cash depreciation expense related to our second-generation satellites placed into service in 2010, 2011 and 2013. Our second-generation satellites were designed to have a 15-year life from the date the satellites were placed into their operational orbit, and we estimate that we will continue to recognize high levels of depreciation expense commensurate with their estimated 15-year life.

If Terrapin Opportunity, L.P. fails to fulfill its capital commitment, our ability to execute our business plan will be adversely affected.

Our current sources of liquidity include cash on hand ($7.5 million at December 31, 2015), future cash flows from operations, and funds available from our common stock purchase agreement with Terrapin Opportunity, L.P. (“Terrapin”) ($60.0 million at December 31, 2015). Our business plan assumes that Terrapin will provide all of these funds. We anticipate that we will draw the remaining amounts available under the Terrapin agreement to achieve compliance with our financial covenants under our Facility Agreement. See Note 3: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements in our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Report for further discussion of our debt covenants. If Terrapin is unable or fails to fulfill its commitment under this financial arrangement, or we fail to satisfy the conditions that permit us to draw these funds, it could materially and negatively impact our cash and liquidity, and our ability to continue to execute our business plan will be adversely affected.

Rapid and significant technological changes in the satellite communications industry may impair our competitive position and require us to make significant additional capital expenditures in addition to our existing contractual obligations and capital expenditure plans, which may require additional capital, which has not been arranged.

The space and communications industries are subject to rapid advances and innovations in technology. New technology could render our system obsolete or less competitive by satisfying consumer demand in more attractive ways or through the introduction of incompatible standards. Particular technological developments that could adversely affect us include the deployment by our competitors of new satellites with greater power, greater flexibility, greater efficiency or greater capabilities, as well as continuing improvements in terrestrial wireless technologies. We must continue to commit to make significant capital expenditures to keep up with technological changes and remain competitive. Customer acceptance of the services and products that we offer will continually be affected by technology-based differences in our product and service offerings. New technologies may be protected by patents and therefore may not be available to us.

The hardware and software we currently utilize in operating our gateways were designed and manufactured over 15 years ago and portions have deteriorated. We have contracted to replace the digital hardware and software in the future; however the original equipment may become less reliable as it ages and will be more difficult and expensive to service. It may be difficult or impossible to obtain all necessary replacement parts for the hardware before the new equipment and software is fully deployed. We expect to face competition in the future from companies using new technologies and new satellite systems.

We have various contractual agreements related to remaining amounts outstanding for upgrades to our ground infrastructure, including internal labor costs and interest on outstanding debt, which we expect will be reflected in capital expenditures primarily through 2016. The nature of these purchases requires us to enter into long-term fixed price contracts. We cannot be assured that operating cash flows and other previously committed funding will be sufficient to meet obligations over the term of these agreements. Restrictions in our Facility Agreement limit the types of financings we may undertake. Should we need to obtain additional financing, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain this financing on reasonable terms or at all. If we cannot obtain such financing in a timely manner, we may be unable to execute our business plan and fulfill our financial commitments.

If we do not develop, acquire and maintain proprietary information and intellectual property rights, it could limit the growth of our business and reduce our market share.

Our business depends on technical knowledge, and we believe that our future success will be based, in part, on our ability to keep up with new technological developments and incorporate them in our products and services. We own or have the right to use our patents, work products, inventions, designs, software, systems and similar know-how. Although we have taken diligent steps to protect that information, the information may be disclosed to others or others may independently develop similar information, systems and know-how. Protection of our information, systems and know-how may result in litigation, the cost of which could be substantial. Third parties may assert claims that our products or services infringe on their proprietary rights. Any such claims, if made, may prevent or limit our sales of products or services or increase our costs of sales.

We license much of the software we require to support critical gateway operations from third parties, including Qualcomm and Space Systems/Loral Inc. This software was developed or customized specifically for our use. We also license software to support customer service functions, such as billing, from third parties which developed or customized it specifically for our use.

If the third party licensors were to cease to support and service the software, or the licenses were to no longer be available on commercially reasonable terms, it may be difficult, expensive or impossible to obtain such services from alternative vendors. Replacing such software could be difficult, time consuming and expensive, and might require us to obtain substitute technology with lower quality or performance standards or at a greater cost.

The implementation of our business plan depends on increased demand for wireless communications services via satellite, both for our existing services and products and for new services and products. If this increased demand does not occur, our revenues and profitability may not increase as we expect.

Demand for wireless communication services via satellite may not grow, or may even shrink, either generally or in particular geographic markets, for particular types of services or during particular time periods. A lack of demand could impair our ability to sell our services and develop and successfully market new services, or could exert downward pressure on prices, or both. This, in turn, could decrease our revenues and profitability and adversely affect our ability to increase our revenues and profitability over time.

We plan to introduce additional Duplex, SPOT, and Simplex products and services. However, we cannot predict with certainty the potential longer term demand for these products and services or the extent to which we will be able to meet demand. Our business plan assumes growing our Duplex subscriber base beyond levels achieved in the past, rapidly growing our SPOT and Simplex subscriber base and returning the business to profitability.

The success of our business plan will depend on a number of factors, including but not limited to:


•	our ability to maintain the health, capacity and control of our satellites;


•	our ability to maintain the health of our ground network;


•	our ability to influence the level of market acceptance and demand for all of our services;


•	our ability to introduce new products and services that meet this market demand;


•	our ability to retain current customers and obtain new customers;


•	our ability to obtain additional business using our existing spectrum resources both in the United States and internationally;


•	our ability to control the costs of developing an integrated network providing related products and services;


•	our ability to market successfully our Duplex, SPOT and Simplex products and services;


•	our ability to develop and deploy innovative network management techniques to permit mobile devices to transition between satellite and terrestrial modes;


•	our ability to sell the equipment inventory on hand;


•	the cost and availability of user equipment that operates on our network;


•	the effectiveness of our competitors in developing and offering similar products and services and in persuading our customers to switch service providers; and


•	our ability to provide attractive service offerings at competitive prices to our target markets.

We depend in large part on the efforts of third parties for the sale of our services and products. If these parties, including our IGOs, are unable to do this successfully, we will not be able to grow our business in those areas and our future revenue and profitability could decline.

We derive a large portion of our revenue from products and services sold through independent agents, dealers and resellers, including, outside the United States, IGOs. Although we derive most of our revenue from retail sales to end users in the United States, Canada, a portion of Western Europe, Central America and portions of South America, either directly or through agents, dealers and resellers, we depend on IGOs to purchase, install, operate and maintain gateway equipment, to sell phones and data user terminals, and to market our services in other regions where these IGOs hold exclusive or non-exclusive rights.

Our objective is to establish a worldwide service network, either directly or through IGOs, but to date we have been unable to do so in certain areas of the world, and we may not succeed in doing so in the future. We have been unable to establish our own gateways or to find capable IGOs for several important regions and countries, including India, China, and certain parts of Southeast Asia. In addition to the lack of global service availability, cost-effective roaming is not yet available in certain countries because the IGOs have been unable to reach business arrangements with one another. Further, our IGO's could fail to perform as expected or cease business operations. This could reduce overall demand for our products and services and undermine our value for potential users who require service in these areas.

Not all of the IGOs have been successful and, in some regions, they have not initiated service or sold as much usage as originally anticipated. Some of the IGOs are not earning revenues sufficient to fund their operating costs due to the operational issues we experienced with our first-generation satellites. Although we expect these IGOs to return to profitability, if they are

unable to continue in business, we will lose the revenue we receive for selling equipment to them and providing services to their customers. Although we have implemented a strategy for the acquisition of certain IGOs when circumstances permit, we may not be able to continue to implement this strategy on favorable terms and may not be able to realize the additional efficiencies that we anticipate from this strategy. In some regions it is impracticable to acquire the IGOs either because local regulatory requirements or business or cultural norms do not permit an acquisition, because the expected revenue increase from an acquisition would be insufficient to justify the transaction, or because the IGO will not sell at a price acceptable to us. In those regions, our revenue and profits may be adversely affected if those IGOs do not fulfill their own business plans to increase substantially their sales of services and products.

We rely on a limited number of key vendors for timely supply of equipment and services. If our key vendors fail to provide equipment and services to us, we may face difficulties in finding alternative sources and may not be able to operate our business successfully.

We have a limited quantity of our Duplex handsets remaining in inventory and have not contracted with a manufacturer to produce additional inventory. We have depended on Qualcomm as the exclusive manufacturer of phones using the IS 41 CDMA North American standard, which incorporates Qualcomm proprietary technology. We cancelled this contract in March 2013. Although we have contracted with Hughes and Ericsson to provide new hardware and software for our ground component, there could be a substantial period of time in which their products or services are not available and Qualcomm no longer supports our products and services.

Additionally, we depend on our contract manufacturers to provide us with our inventory. If these manufacturers do not take on future orders or fail to perform under our current contracts, we may be unable to continue to produce and sell our inventory to customers at a reasonable cost to us or there may be delays in production and sales.

Lack of availability of electronic components from the electronics industry, as needed in our retail products, our gateways, and our satellites, could delay or adversely impact our operations.

We rely upon the availability of components, materials and component parts from the electronics industry. The electronics industry is subject to occasional shortages in parts availability depending on fluctuations in supply and demand. Industry shortages may result in delayed shipments of materials, or increased prices, or both. As a consequence, elements of our operation which use electronic parts, such as our retail products, our gateways and our satellites, could be subject to delays or cost increases, or both.

We face special risks by doing business in developing markets, including currency and expropriation risks, which could increase our costs or reduce our revenues in these areas.

Although our most economically important geographic markets currently are the United States and Canada, we have substantial markets for our mobile satellite services in, and our business plan includes, developing countries or regions that are underserved by existing telecommunications systems, such as rural Venezuela, Brazil, Central America and portions of Africa. Developing countries are more likely than industrialized countries to experience market, currency and interest rate fluctuations and may have higher inflation. In addition, these countries present risks relating to government policy, price, wage and exchange controls, social instability, expropriation and other adverse economic, political and diplomatic conditions.

Conducting operations outside the United States involves numerous special risks and, while expanding our international operations would advance our growth, it would also increase these risks. These risks include, but are not limited to:


•	difficulties in penetrating new markets due to established and entrenched competitors;


•	difficulties in developing products and services that are tailored to the needs of local customers;


•	lack of local acceptance or knowledge of our products and services;


•	lack of recognition of our products and services;


•	unavailability of or difficulties in establishing relationships with distributors;


•	significant investments, including the development and deployment of dedicated gateways, as some countries require physical gateways within their jurisdiction to connect the traffic coming to and from their territory;


•	instability of international economies and governments;


•	changes in laws and policies affecting trade and investment in other jurisdictions;


•	compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the UK Bribery Act;


•	exposure to varying legal standards, including intellectual property protection in other jurisdictions;


•	difficulties in obtaining required regulatory authorizations;


•	difficulties in enforcing legal rights in other jurisdictions;


•	local domestic ownership requirements;


•	requirements that operational activities be performed in-country;


•	changing and conflicting national and local regulatory requirements; and


•	foreign currency exchange rates and exchange controls.

These risks could affect our ability to compete successfully and expand internationally. The prices for our products and services are typically denominated in U.S. dollars. Any appreciation of the U.S. dollar against other currencies will increase the cost of our products and services to our international customers and, as a result, may reduce the competitiveness of our international offerings and make it more difficult for us to grow internationally. Limited availability of U.S. currency in some local markets or governmental controls on the export of currency may prevent an IGO from making payments in U.S. dollars or delay the availability of payment due to foreign bank currency processing and approval. In addition, exchange rate fluctuations may affect our ability to control the prices charged for the independent gateway operators' services.

Our operations involve transactions in a variety of currencies. Sales denominated in foreign currencies involve primarily the Canadian dollar, the euro, and the Brazilian real. Certain of our obligations are denominated in euros. Accordingly, our operating results may be significantly affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates for these currencies. Approximately 35% and 36% of our total sales were to customers located primarily in Canada, Europe, Central America, and South America during 2015 and 2014, respectively. Our results of operations for 2015 and 2014 included gains of $3.7 million and $4.1 million, respectively, on foreign currency transactions. We may be unable to offset unfavorable currency movements as they adversely affect our revenue and expenses. Our inability to do so could have a substantial negative impact on our operating results and cash flows.

We face intense competition in all of our markets, which could result in a loss of customers and lower revenues and make it more difficult for us to enter new markets.

Satellite-based Competitors

There are currently three other MSS operators providing services similar to ours on a global or regional basis: Iridium, Thuraya, and Inmarsat. ORBCOMM Inc. is also emerging as a competitor in the machine-to-machine ("M2M") markets. The provision of satellite-based products and services is subject to downward price pressure when the capacity exceeds demand or as new competitors enter the marketplace with particular competitive pricing strategies.

Other providers of satellite-based products could introduce their own products similar to our SPOT, Simplex or Duplex products, which may materially adversely affect our business plan. In addition, we may face competition from new competitors or new technologies. With so many companies targeting many of the same customers, we may not be able to retain successfully our existing customers and attract new customers and as a result may not grow our customer base and revenue.

Terrestrial Competitors

In addition to our satellite-based competitors, terrestrial wireless voice and data service providers are continuing to expand into rural and remote areas, particularly in less developed countries, and providing the same general types of services and products that we provide through our satellite-based system. Many of these companies have greater resources, greater name recognition and newer technologies than we do. Industry consolidation could adversely affect us by increasing the scale or scope of our competitors and thereby making it more difficult for us to compete. We could lose market share and revenue as a result of increasing competition from the extension of land-based communication services.

Although satellite communications services and ground-based communications services are not perfect substitutes, the two compete in certain markets and for certain services. Consumers generally perceive cellular voice communication products and services as cheaper and more convenient than satellite-based products and services.

ATC Competitors

We also expect to compete with a number of other satellite companies that plan to develop terrestrial networks that utilize their MSS spectrum. DISH Network received FCC approval to offer terrestrial wireless services over the MSS spectrum that previously belonged to TerreStar and ICO Global. Further, LightSquared continues its regulatory initiative to receive final FCC approval to build out a wireless network utilizing its MSS spectrum. Any of these competitors could offer an integrated satellite and terrestrial network before we do, could combine with terrestrial networks that provide them with greater financial or operational flexibility than we have, or could offer wireless services, including mobile broadband services, that customers prefer over ours.

Restrictive covenants in our Facility Agreement may limit our operating and financial flexibility and our inability to comply with these covenants could have significant implications.

Our Facility Agreement contains a number of significant restrictions and covenants. See Note 3: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements in our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Report for further discussion of our debt covenants. Complying with these restrictive covenants, as well as the financial and other non-financial covenants in the Facility Agreement and certain of our other debt obligations, as well as those that may be contained in any agreements governing future indebtedness, may impair our ability to finance our operations or capital needs or to take advantage of other favorable business opportunities. Our ability to comply with these covenants will depend on our future performance, which may be affected

by events beyond our control. Our failure to comply with these covenants would be an event of default. An event of default under the Facility Agreement would permit the lenders to accelerate the indebtedness under the Facility Agreement. That acceleration would permit holders of our obligations under other agreements that contain cross-acceleration provisions to accelerate that indebtedness. See Part II, Item 7. Managements' Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources of this Report for further discussion.

Pursuing strategic transactions may cause us to incur additional risks.

We may pursue acquisitions, joint ventures or other strategic transactions on an opportunistic basis. We may face costs and risks arising from any such transactions, including integrating a new business into our business or managing a joint venture. These may include legal, organizational, financial and other costs and risks.

In addition, if we were to choose to engage in any major business combination or similar strategic transaction, we may require significant external financing in connection with the transaction. Depending on market conditions, investor perceptions of us, and other factors, we may not be able to obtain capital on acceptable terms, in acceptable amounts or at appropriate times to implement any such transaction. Our Facility Agreement and other debt obligations contain covenants which limit our ability to engage in specified forms of capital transactions without lender consent, which may be impossible to obtain. Any such financing, if obtained, may further dilute our existing stockholders.

Our networks and those of our third-party service providers may be vulnerable to security risk and our use of personal information could give rise to liabilities or additional costs as a result of laws, governmental regulations and evolving views of personal privacy rights.

Our network and those of our third-party service providers and our customers may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses and other security problems. Persons who circumvent security measures could wrongfully obtain or use information on the network or cause interruptions, delays or malfunctions in our operations, any of which could harm our reputation, cause demand for our products and services to fall or compromise our ability to pursue our business plans. Recently, a number of significant, widespread security breaches have occurred that have compromised network integrity for many companies and governmental agencies. In some cases these breaches reportedly originated from outside the United States. We may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of security breaches or to alleviate problems, including reputational harm and litigation, caused by any breaches. In addition, our customer contracts may not adequately protect us against liability to third parties with whom our customers conduct business.

We collect and store data including our customers' personal information. In jurisdictions around the world, personal information is becoming increasingly subject to legislation and regulations intended to protect consumers’ privacy and security. The interpretation of privacy and data protection laws and regulations regarding the collection, storage, transmission, use and disclosure of such information in some jurisdictions is unclear and evolving. These laws may be interpreted and applied in conflicting ways from country to country and in a manner that is not consistent with our current data protection practices. Complying with these varying international requirements could cause us to incur additional costs and change our business practices. Because our services are accessible in many foreign jurisdictions, some of these jurisdictions may claim that we are required to comply with their laws, even where we have no local entity, employees or infrastructure. We could be forced to incur significant expenses if we were required to modify our products, our services or our existing security and privacy procedures in order to comply with new or expanded regulations. In addition, if end users allege that their personal information is not collected, stored, transmitted, used or disclosed appropriately or in accordance with our privacy policies or applicable laws, we could have liability to them, including claims and litigation resulting from such allegations. Any failure on our part to protect information pursuant to applicable regulations could result in a loss of user confidence, reputation and the loss of customers which could materially impact our results of operations and cash flows.

We may be unable to obtain and maintain our insurance coverages, and the insurance we obtain may not cover all liabilities to which we may become subject. As a result we may incur material uninsured or under-insured losses.

The price, terms and availability of insurance have fluctuated significantly since we began offering commercial satellite services. The cost of obtaining insurance can vary as a result of either satellite failures or general conditions in the insurance industry. Higher premiums on insurance policies would increase our cost. In addition to higher premiums, insurance policies may provide for higher deductibles, shorter coverage periods and additional policy exclusions. Our insurance may not adequately cover losses related to claims brought against us, which could be material. Our insurance could become more expensive and difficult to maintain and may not be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.

Product Liability Insurance and Product Replacement or Recall Costs

We are subject to product liability and product recall claims if any of our products and services are alleged to have resulted in injury to persons or damage to property. If any of our products proves to be defective, we may need to recall and/or redesign them. In addition, any claim or product recall that results in significant adverse publicity may negatively affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. In addition, we do not maintain any product recall insurance, so any product recall

we are required to initiate could have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. We regularly investigate potential quality issues as part of our ongoing effort to deliver quality products to our customers.

Because consumers use SPOT products and services in isolated and, in some cases, dangerous locations, we cannot predict whether users of the device who suffer injury or death may seek to assert claims against us alleging failure of the device to facilitate timely emergency response. Although we will seek to limit our exposure to any such claims through appropriate disclaimers and liability insurance coverage, we cannot assure investors that the disclaimers will be effective, claims will not arise or insurance coverage will be sufficient.

General Liability Insurance and In-Orbit Exposures

Our liability policy, covers amounts up to €70 million per occurrence (with a €70 million annual limit) that we and other specified parties may become liable to pay for bodily injury and property damages to third parties related to processing, maintaining and operating our satellite constellation. Our current policy has a one-year term, which expires on October 19, 2016. Our current in-orbit liability insurance policy contains, and we expect any future policies would likewise contain, specified exclusions and material change limitations customary in the industry. These exclusions may relate to, among other things, losses resulting from in-orbit collisions, acts of war, insurrection, terrorism or military action, government confiscation, strikes, riots, civil commotions, labor disturbances, sabotage, unauthorized use of the satellites and nuclear or radioactive contamination, as well as claims directly or indirectly occasioned as a result of noise, pollution, electrical and electromagnetic interference and interference with the use of property.

Our in-orbit insurance does not cover losses that might arise as a result of a satellite failure or other operational problems affecting our constellation. As a result, a failure of one or more of our satellites or the occurrence of equipment failures and other related problems could constitute an uninsured loss and could materially harm our financial condition.

Our satellites may collide with space debris which could adversely affect the performance of our constellation.

Although we have some ability to actively maneuver our satellites to avoid potential collisions with space debris, this ability is limited by, among other factors, uncertainties and inaccuracies in the projected orbit location of and predicted conjunctions with debris objects tracked and cataloged by the U.S. government. Additionally, some space debris is too small to be tracked and therefore its orbital location is completely unknown; nevertheless, this debris is still large enough to potentially cause severe damage or a failure of our satellites should a collision occur. If our constellation experiences satellite collisions with space debris, our service could be impaired. Any such collision could potentially expose us to significant losses. Further, from time to time we may decide to move and relocate satellites within our constellation to improve coverage and service quality. These actions may increase the risk of collision or damage to our satellites.

Changes in tax rates or adverse results of tax examinations could materially increase our costs.

We operate in various U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. The process of determining our anticipated tax liabilities involves many calculations and estimates which are inherently complex. We believe that we have complied, in all material respects, with our obligations to pay taxes in these jurisdictions. However, our position is subject to review and possible challenge by the taxing authorities of these jurisdictions. If the applicable taxing authorities were to challenge successfully our current tax positions, or if there were changes in the manner in which we conduct our activities, we could become subject to material unanticipated tax liabilities. We may also become subject to additional tax liabilities as a result of changes in tax laws, which could in certain circumstances have a retroactive effect.

In January 2012 our Canadian subsidiary was notified that its income tax returns for the years ending October 31, 2008 and 2009 had been selected for audit. The Canada Revenue Agency reviewed the information provided by the Canadian subsidiary and issued an assessment for those years under audit. This assessment reduced our Canadian subsidiary's remaining net operating loss carryforward.

As a result of our acquisition of an independent gateway operator in Brazil during 2008, we are exposed to potential pre-acquisition tax liabilities. We and the seller reached an agreement in November of 2014 to fully settle the outstanding tax liability by the utilization of the Brazilian tax amnesty program. Pursuant to the settlement, the seller paid approximately $0.2 million of these liabilities. We calculated the amount of the tax liability to be settled after reducing for the accumulated fiscal losses related to the tax periods preceding the date of the agreement. If the amount required to satisfy the tax liabilities under the amnesty program differs from the amount paid by the seller, we and the seller will arrange a true-up. Until the Brazilian tax authorities confirm that there is no further liability, our subsidiary, the gateway operator, will maintain a reserve of $0.3 million. We may also be exposed to these or other pre-acquisition liabilities for which we may not be fully indemnified by the seller, or the seller may fail to perform its indemnification obligations.

Our revenues are subject to changes in global economic conditions and consumer sentiment and discretionary spending.

Financial markets continue to be uncertain and could significantly adversely impact global economic conditions. These conditions could lead to further reduced consumer spending in the foreseeable future, especially for discretionary travel and related

products. A substantial portion of the potential addressable market for our consumer retail products and services relates to recreational users, such as mountain climbers, campers, kayakers, sport fishermen and wilderness hikers. These potential customers may reduce their activities or their spending due to economic conditions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

We are exposed to trade credit risk in the ordinary course of our business activities.

We are exposed to risk of loss in the event of nonperformance by our customers. Some of our customers may be highly leveraged and subject to their own operating and regulatory risks. Many of our customers finance their activities through cash flow from operations, the incurrence of debt or the issuance of equity. From time to time, the availability of credit is more restrictive. One of our largest customers is a reseller to oil and gas companies. The combination of reduction of cash flow resulting from declines in commodity prices and the lack of availability of debt or equity financing may result in a significant reduction in our customers' liquidity and ability to make payments or perform on their obligations to us. Even if our credit review and analysis mechanisms work properly, we may experience financial losses in our dealings with other parties. Any increase in the nonpayment or nonperformance by our customers could reduce our cash flows.

Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.

Borrowings under our Facility Agreement are at a variable rate. In order to mitigate a portion of our variable rate interest risk, we entered into a ten-year interest rate cap agreement. The interest rate cap agreement reflects a variable notional amount at interest rates that provide coverage to us for exposure resulting from escalating interest rates over the term of the Facility Agreement. The interest rate cap provides limits on the six-month Libor rate (“Base Rate”) used to calculate the coupon interest on outstanding amounts on the Facility Agreement. Our interest rate is capped at 5.5% if the Base Rate does not exceed 6.5%. Should the Base Rate exceed 6.5%, our Base Rate will be 1% less than the then six-month Libor rate. Regardless of our attempts to mitigate our exposure to interest rate fluctuations through the interest rate cap, we still have exposure for the uncapped amounts of the facility, which remain subject to a variable interest rate. As a result, an increase in interest rates could result in a substantial increase in interest expense, especially as the capped amount of the term loan decreases over time.

The loss of skilled management and personnel could impair our operations.

Our performance is substantially dependent on the performance and institutional knowledge of our senior management and key scientific and technical personnel. The loss of the services of any member of our senior management, scientific or technical staff may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of business objectives by diverting management’s attention to retention matters, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

A natural disaster could diminish our ability to provide communications service.

Natural disasters could damage or destroy our ground stations resulting in a disruption of service to our customers. In addition, the collateral effects of such disasters such as flooding may impair the functioning of our ground equipment. If a natural disaster were to impair or destroy any of our ground facilities, we might be unable to provide service to our customers in the affected area for a period of time. Even if our gateways are not affected by natural disasters, our service could be disrupted if a natural disaster damages the public switch telephone network or terrestrial wireless networks or our ability to connect to the public switch telephone network or terrestrial wireless networks. Additionally, there are inherent dangers and risk associated with our satellite operations, including the risk of increased radiation and possibility of in-orbit collisions with other objects. Any such failures, collisions or service disruptions could harm our business and results of operations.

We have had material weaknesses in our internal controls in the past and we cannot assure you that in the future additional material weaknesses will not recur, exist or otherwise be identified.

Our internal control processes, regardless of how well designed, operated and evaluated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that their objectives will be met. Therefore, we cannot assure you that in the future additional material weaknesses will not recur, exist or otherwise be identified. We will continue to monitor the effectiveness of our processes, procedures and controls and will make changes as management determines appropriate. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports. If we cannot produce reliable financial reports, our business and operating results may be adversely affected, investors may lose confidence in our reported financial information, there may be a negative effect on our stock price, and we may be subject to civil or criminal investigations and penalties.

Risks Related to Government Regulations

Our business is subject to extensive government regulation, which mandates how we may operate our business and may increase our cost of providing services, slow our expansion into new markets and subject our services to additional competitive pressures.

Our ownership and operation of an MSS system are subject to significant regulation in the United States by the FCC and in foreign jurisdictions by similar authorities. Additionally, our use of our licensed spectrum globally is subject to coordination by the ITU. Our second-generation constellation has been licensed and registered in France. The rules and regulations of the FCC or these foreign authorities may change and may not continue to permit our operations as currently conducted or as we plan to conduct them. Further, certain foreign jurisdictions may decide to allow additional uses within our ITU-allocation of spectrum that may be incompatible with our continued provision of MSS.

Failure to provide services in accordance with the terms of our licenses or failure to operate our satellites, ground stations, or other terrestrial facilities (including those necessary to provide ATC services) as required by our licenses and applicable government regulations could result in the imposition of government sanctions against us, up to and including cancellation of our licenses.

Our system requires regulatory authorization in each of the markets in which we or the IGOs provide service. We and the IGOs may not be able to obtain or retain all regulatory approvals needed for operations. For example, the company with which the original owners of our first-generation network contracted to establish an independent gateway operation in South Africa was unable to obtain an operating license from the Republic of South Africa and abandoned the business in 2001. Regulatory changes, such as those resulting from judicial decisions or adoption of treaties, legislation or regulation in countries where we operate or intend to operate, may also significantly affect our business. Because regulations in each country are different, we may not be aware if some of the IGOs and/or persons with which we or they do business do not hold the requisite licenses and approvals.

Our current regulatory approvals could now be, or could become, insufficient in the view of foreign regulatory authorities. Furthermore, any additional necessary approvals may not be granted on a timely basis, or at all, in all jurisdictions in which we wish to offer services, and applicable restrictions in those jurisdictions could become unduly burdensome.

Our operations are subject to certain regulations of the United States State Department's Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (the export of satellites and related technical data), United States Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control (financial transactions and customers) and the United States Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security (our gateways and phones). These regulations may limit or delay our ability to operate in a particular country or engage in transactions with certain parties. As new laws and regulations are issued, we may be required to modify our business plans or operations. If we fail to comply with these regulations in any country, we could be subject to sanctions that could affect, materially and adversely, our ability to operate in that country. Failure to obtain the authorizations necessary to use our assigned radio frequency spectrum and to distribute our products in certain countries could have a material adverse effect on our ability to generate revenue and on our overall competitive position.

Our business plan to use a portion of our licensed MSS spectrum to provide terrestrial wireless services depends upon action by the FCC, which we cannot control.

Our business plan includes utilizing approximately 20 MHz of our licensed MSS spectrum to provide terrestrial wireless services, including mobile broadband applications, within the United States. In pursuit of these plans, in November 2013, the FCC proposed rules, which, if adopted, would enable us to offer TLPS over a portion of our licensed MSS spectrum, as well as to permit the non-exclusive use of the adjacent unlicensed spectrum. The proposed rules would substantially revise the gating criteria for terrestrial use of our spectrum and would allow us to provide low power terrestrial broadband services over our licensed MSS spectrum. We believe TLPS represents a differentiated, premium, and immediate solution to Wi-Fi congestion. If the FCC does not ultimately adopt satisfactory rules, our anticipated future revenues and profitability could be reduced. We can provide no assurance that the FCC will make any final decision in their proceeding or whether any final decision will be satisfactory to us. If we are unable to proceed as anticipated, then our only ability to utilize our MSS spectrum for terrestrial applications may be pursuant to the existing ATC regulatory regime that requires more restrictive conditions.

Other future regulatory decisions could also reduce our existing spectrum allocation or impose additional spectrum sharing agreements on us, which could adversely affect our services and operations.

Under the FCC's plan for MSS in our frequency bands, we must share frequencies in the United States with other licensed MSS operators. To date, there are no other authorized CDMA-based MSS operators and no pending applications for authorization. However, the FCC or other regulatory authorities may require us to share spectrum with other systems that are not currently licensed by the United States or any other jurisdiction. On February 11, 2013, Iridium filed its own petition for rulemaking seeking to have the FCC reallocate 2.725 MHz of "Big LEO" spectrum from 1616-1618.725 MHz to Iridium’s exclusive use. Iridium also filed a motion to consolidate its petition with our petition for rulemaking. Although the FCC has received comments on Iridium’s petition, it has not taken any substantive action with respect to it. An adverse result in this proceeding could materially affect our ability to provide both Duplex and Simplex mobile satellite services.

We registered our second-generation constellation with the ITU through France rather than the United States. The French radiofrequency spectrum regulatory agency, ANFR, submitted the technical papers filing to the ITU on our behalf in July 2009. As with the first-generation constellation, the ITU requires us to coordinate our spectrum assignments with other administrators and operators that use any portion of our spectrum frequency bands. We are actively engaged in but cannot predict how long the coordination process will take; however, we are able to use the frequencies during the coordination process in accordance with our national licenses.

In March 2014, the FCC adopted an order related to the 5 GHz band which, among other things, expanded the use of unlicensed terrestrial mobile broadband services within our C-band Forward Link (Earth Station to Satellite) which operates at 5091-5250 MHz. We had previously filed comments in opposition to these changes to the technical rules due to the substantial risk of harmful interference that these deployments could have on our system. As part of this order, the FCC adopted certain technical requirements for the expanded unlicensed use within our licensed spectrum which should protect our services from harmful interference. We can provide no assurances that such requirements will be adhered to by unlicensed users or whether such requirements will actually prevent harmful interference to our services. Further, other regulatory jurisdictions internationally may also consider similar expanded unlicensed use in the 5 GHz band that may have a significant adverse impact on our ability to provide mobile satellite services.

If the FCC revokes, modifies or fails to renew or amend our licenses, our ability to operate will be harmed or eliminated.

We hold FCC licenses for the operation of certain of our satellites, our U.S. gateways and other ground facilities, and our mobile earth terminals that are subject to revocation if we fail to satisfy specified conditions or to meet prescribed milestones. The FCC licenses are also subject to modification by the FCC. There can be no assurance that the FCC will renew the FCC licenses we hold. If the FCC revokes, modifies or fails to renew or amend the FCC licenses we hold, or if we fail to satisfy any of the conditions of our respective FCC licenses, we may not be able to continue to provide mobile satellite communications services.

If our French regulator revokes, modifies or fails to renew or amend our licenses, our ability to operate will be harmed or eliminated.

We hold licenses issued by, and are subject to the continued regulatory jurisdiction of, the French Ministry for the Economy, Industry and Employment and ARCEP, the French independent administrative authority of post and electronic communications regulations, for the operation of our second-generation satellites. These licenses are subject to revocation if we fail to satisfy specified conditions or to meet prescribed milestones. These licenses are also subject to modification by the French regulators. There can be no assurance that the French regulators will renew the licenses we hold. If the French regulators revoke, modify or fail to renew or amend the licenses we hold, or if we fail to satisfy any of the conditions of our respective French licenses, we may not be able to continue to provide mobile satellite communications services.

Similarly, we hold certain licenses in each country within which we have ground infrastructure located. If we fail to maintain such licenses within any particular country, we may not be able to continue to operate the ground infrastructure located within that country which could prevent us from continuing to provide mobile satellite communications services within that region.

Spectrum values historically have been volatile, which could cause the value of our business to fluctuate.

Our business plan includes forming strategic partnerships to maximize the use and value of our spectrum, network assets and combined service offerings in the United States and internationally. Value that we may be able to realize from such partnerships will depend in part on the value ascribed to our spectrum. Historically, valuations of spectrum in other frequency bands have been volatile, and we cannot predict the future value that we may be able to realize for our spectrum and other assets. In addition, to the extent that the FCC takes action that makes additional spectrum available or promotes the more flexible use or greater availability (e.g., via spectrum leasing or new spectrum sales) of existing satellite or terrestrial spectrum allocations, the availability of such additional spectrum could reduce the value that we may be able to realize for our spectrum.

Changes in international trade regulations and other risks associated with foreign trade could adversely affect our sourcing.

We source our products primarily from foreign contract manufacturers, with the largest concentration being in China. The adoption of regulations related to the importation of product, including quotas, duties, taxes and other charges or restrictions on imported goods, and changes in U.S. customs procedures could result in an increase in the cost of our products. Delays in customs clearance of goods or the disruption of international transportation lines used by us could result in our inability to deliver goods to customers in a timely manner or the potential loss of sales altogether. Current or future social and environmental regulations or critical issues, such as those relating to the sourcing of conflict minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo or the need to eliminate environmentally sensitive materials from our products, could restrict the supply of components and materials used in production or increase our costs. Any delay or interruption to our manufacturing process or in shipping our products could result in lost revenue, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Our common stock is traded on the NYSE MKT but could be delisted in the future, which may impair our ability to raise capital and would require us to repurchase our 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013.

As of December 31, 2015, our voting common stock was listed on the NYSE MKT under the symbol “GSAT.” Broker-dealers may be less willing or able to sell and/or make a market in our common stock if delisting were to occur, which may make it more difficult for shareholders to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations for the price of, our common stock. Removal of our common stock from listing on the NYSE MKT may also make it more difficult for us to raise capital through the sale of our securities.

If our common stock is not listed on a U.S. national stock exchange or approved for quotation and trading on a national automated dealer quotation system or established automated over-the-counter trading market, holders of our 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 will have the option to require us to repurchase the notes, which we may not have sufficient financial resources to do.

Restrictive covenants in our Facility Agreement do not allow us to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future.

We do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock. Our Facility Agreement currently prohibits the payment of cash dividends. Any future dividend payments are within the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, working capital requirements, capital expenditure requirements, financial condition, contractual restrictions, business opportunities, anticipated cash needs, provisions of applicable law and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. We may not generate sufficient cash from operations in the future to pay dividends on our common stock.

The market price of our common stock is volatile and there is a limited market for our shares.

The trading price of our common stock is subject to wide fluctuations. Factors affecting the trading price of our common stock may include, but are not limited to:


•	actual or anticipated variations in our operating results;


•	failure in the performance of our current or future satellites;


•	changes in financial estimates by research analysts, or any failure by us to meet or exceed any such estimates, or changes in the recommendations of any research analysts that elect to follow our common stock or the common stock of our competitors;


•	actual or anticipated changes in economic, political or market conditions, such as recessions or international currency fluctuations;


•	actual or anticipated changes in the regulatory environment affecting our industry, including final rulemaking by the FCC related to our TLPS proceeding;


•	actual or anticipated sales of common stock by our controlling stockholder or others;


•	changes in the market valuations of our industry peers; and


•	announcement by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, divestitures, joint ventures or other strategic initiatives.

The trading price of our common stock may also decline in reaction to events that affect other companies in our industry even if these events do not directly affect us. Our stockholders may be unable to resell their shares of our common stock at or above the initial purchase price. Additionally, because we are a controlled company there is a limited market for our common stock, and we cannot assure our stockholders that a trading market will develop further or be maintained. In periods of low trading volume, sales of significant amounts of shares of our common stock in the public market could lower the market price of our stock.

The future issuance of additional shares of our common stock could cause dilution of ownership interests and adversely affect our stock price.

We may issue our previously authorized and unissued securities, resulting in the dilution of the ownership interests of our current stockholders. We are authorized to issue 1.6 billion shares of common stock (400 million are designated as nonvoting) and 100 million shares of preferred stock. As of December 31, 2015, approximately 904.4 million shares of voting common stock and 134.0 million shares of nonvoting common stock were issued and outstanding. As of December 31, 2015, there were 661.5 million shares available for future issuance, of which approximately 181.6 million shares were contingently issuable upon the exercise of warrants, stock options, or convertible notes, the vesting of restricted stock awards, and as consideration for other liabilities. The potential issuance of additional shares of common stock may create downward pressure on the trading price of our common stock. We may also issue additional shares of our common stock or other securities that are convertible into or exercisable for common stock for capital raising or other business purposes. Future sales of substantial amounts of common stock, or the perception that sales could occur, could have a material adverse effect on the price of our common stock.

We have issued and may issue shares of preferred stock or debt securities with greater rights than our common stock.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes our board of directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock and set the terms of the preferred stock without seeking any further approval from holders of our common stock. Currently, there are 100 million shares of preferred stock authorized; during 2009 one share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock was issued and subsequently converted to shares of voting and nonvoting common stock. Any preferred stock that is issued may rank ahead of our common stock in terms of dividends, priority and liquidation premiums and may have greater voting rights than holders of our common stock.

If persons engage in short sales of our common stock, the price of our common stock may decline.

Selling short is a technique used by a stockholder to take advantage of an anticipated decline in the price of a security. A significant number of short sales or a large volume of other sales within a relatively short period of time can create downward pressure on the market price of a security. Further sales of common stock could cause even greater declines in the price of our common stock due to the number of additional shares available in the market, which could encourage short sales that could further undermine the value of our common stock. Holders of our securities could, therefore, experience a decline in the value of their investment as a result of short sales of our common stock. In 2014, our stock was the subject of aggressive short selling by a hedge fund. As a result, the market price of our common stock fell 25% from September 30, 2014 to December 31, 2014.

Provisions in our charter documents and Facility Agreement and Delaware corporate law may discourage takeovers, which could affect the rights of holders of our common stock and convertible notes.

Provisions of Delaware law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and our Facility Agreement and indenture could hamper a third party's acquisition of us or discourage a third party from attempting to acquire control of us. These provisions include:


•	the absence of cumulative voting in the election of our directors, which means that the holders of a majority of our common stock may elect all of the directors standing for election;


•	the ability of our board of directors to issue preferred stock with voting rights or with rights senior to those of the common stock without any further vote or action by the holders of our common stock;


•	the division of our board of directors into three separate classes serving staggered three-year terms;


•	the ability of our stockholders, at such time when Thermo does not own a majority of our outstanding capital stock entitled to vote in the election of directors, to remove our directors only for cause and only by the vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote in the election of directors;


•	prohibitions, at such time when Thermo does not own a majority of our outstanding capital stock entitled to vote in the election of directors, on our stockholders acting by written consent;


•	prohibitions on our stockholders calling special meetings of stockholders or filling vacancies on our board of directors;


•	the requirement, at such time when Thermo does not own a majority of our outstanding capital stock entitled to vote in the election of directors, that our stockholders must obtain a super-majority vote to amend or repeal our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws;


•	change of control provisions in our Facility Agreement, which provide that a change of control will constitute an event of default and, unless waived by the lenders, will result in the acceleration of the maturity of all indebtedness under the credit agreement;


•	change of control provisions relating to our 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013, which provide that a change of control will permit holders of the notes to demand immediate repayment; and


•	change of control provisions in our 2006 Equity Incentive Plan, which provide that a change of control may accelerate the vesting of all outstanding stock options, stock appreciation rights and restricted stock.

We also are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits us from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder, as defined in that section, for a period of three years following the date on which that stockholder became an interested stockholder. This provision does not apply to Thermo, which became our principal stockholder prior to our initial public offering.

These provisions also could make it more difficult for you and our other stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions, and could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.

We are controlled by Thermo, whose interests may conflict with yours.

As of December 31, 2015, Thermo owned approximately 54% of our outstanding voting common stock and approximately 60% of all outstanding common stock. Additionally, Thermo owns warrants that may be converted into or exercised for additional shares of common stock. Thermo is able to control the election of all of the members of our board of directors and the vote on substantially all other matters, including significant corporate transactions such as the approval of a merger or other transaction involving our sale.

We have depended substantially on Thermo to provide capital to finance our business. In 2006 and 2007, Thermo purchased an aggregate of $200 million of common stock at prices substantially above market. On December 17, 2007, Thermo assumed all of the obligations and was assigned all of the rights (other than indemnification rights) of the administrative agent and the lenders under our amended and restated credit agreement. To fulfill the conditions precedent to our Facility Agreement, in 2009, Thermo converted the loans outstanding under the credit agreement into equity and terminated the credit agreement. In addition, Thermo and its affiliates deposited $60.0 million in a contingent equity account to fulfill a condition precedent for borrowing under the Facility Agreement, purchased $20.0 million of our 5.0% Notes, which were subsequently converted into shares of common stock in 2013, purchased $11.4 million of our 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013, loaned us $37.5 million to fund our debt service reserve account under the Facility Agreement, and funded a total of $65.0 million during 2013 pursuant to the terms of the Consent Agreement, the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, and the Common Stock Purchase and Option Agreement. Additionally, in August 2015, we entered into an equity agreement with Thermo in which Thermo agreed to purchase up to $30.0 million of our equity securities if we so request or if an event of default is continuing under the Facility Agreement and funds are not available under our common stock purchase agreement with Terrapin. Thermo's remaining cash equity commitment under the Equity Agreement was $15.0 million as of December 31, 2015.

Thermo is controlled by James Monroe III, our Chairman and CEO. Through Thermo, Mr. Monroe holds equity interests in, and serves as an executive officer or director of, a diverse group of privately-owned businesses not otherwise related to us. We reimburse Thermo and Mr. Monroe for certain third party, documented, out of pocket expenses they incur in connection with our business.

The interests of Thermo may conflict with the interests of our other stockholders. Thermo may take actions it believes will benefit its equity investment in us or loans to us even though such actions might not be in your best interests as a holder of our common stock.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not Applicable

Item 2. Properties

Our principal headquarters are located in Covington, Louisiana, where we currently lease approximately 29,000 square feet of office space. We own or lease the facilities described in the following table (in approximate square feet):



Location	Country	Square Feet	Facility Use	Owned/Leased
Milpitas, California	USA	31,690	Satellite and Ground Control Center	Leased
Covington, Louisiana	USA	29,000	Corporate Offices	Leased
Managua	Nicaragua	10,900	Gateway	Owned
Clifton, Texas	USA	10,000	Gateway	Owned
Mississauga, Ontario	Canada	9,876	Canada Office	Leased
Los Velasquez, Edo Miranda	Venezuela	9,700	Gateway	Owned
Sebring, Florida	USA	9,000	Gateway	Leased
Aussaguel	France	7,500	Satellite Control Center and Gateway	Leased
Smith Falls, Ontario	Canada	6,500	Gateway	Owned
High River, Alberta	Canada	6,500	Gateway	Owned
Barrio of Las Palmas, Cabo Rojo	Puerto Rico	6,000	Gateway	Owned
Wasilla, Alaska	USA	5,000	Gateway	Owned
Seletar Satellite Earth Station	Singapore	4,500	Gateway	Leased
Petrolina	Brazil	2,500	Gateway	Owned
Gaborone	Botswana	2,000	Gateway	Leased
Manaus	Brazil	1,900	Gateway	Owned
El Dorado Hills, California	USA	1,586	Satellite and Ground Control Center	Leased
Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	1,313	Brazil Office	Leased
Presidente Prudente	Brazil	1,300	Gateway	Owned
Dublin	Ireland	1,280	Ireland Office	Leased
Panama City	Panama	1,100	Panama Office	Leased
Gaborone	Botswana	270	Botswana Office	Leased

Our owned properties in Clifton, Texas and Wasilla, Alaska are encumbered by liens in favor of the administrative agent under our Facility Agreement for the benefit of the lenders thereunder. See Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Contractual Obligations and Commitments in this Report.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

For a description of our material pending legal and regulatory proceedings and settlements, see Note 7: Contingencies in our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Report.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Common Stock Information

Our common stock has traded on the NYSE MKT under the symbol "GSAT" since April 2014. From December 2012 to April 2014 our common stock traded on the over-the-counter market under the same symbol. The following table sets forth the high and low closing prices for our common stock as reported for each fiscal quarter during the periods indicated.



Quarter Ended:	High		Low
March 31, 2014	$	2.72	$	1.67
June 30, 2014	$	4.28	$	2.43
September 30, 2014	$	4.46	$	3.66
December 31, 2014	$	3.09	$	1.71

March 31, 2015	$	3.56	$	2.20
June 30, 2015	$	3.35	$	2.11
September 30, 2015	$	2.36	$	1.45
December 31, 2015	$	2.18	$	1.43

As of February 22, 2016, 904,490,041 shares of our voting common stock were outstanding, held by 108 holders of record.

Dividend Information

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. Our Facility Agreement prohibits us from paying dividends. We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The following table presents our selected consolidated financial data for the periods indicated. We derived the historical data from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

You should read the data set forth below together with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report and the discussion in Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this Report (in thousands).



	December 31,
	2015			2014			2013			2012			2011
Statement of Operations Data (year ended):
Revenues	$	90,490		$	90,064		$	82,711		$	76,318		$	72,827
Operating loss	(66,604		)	(95,895		)	(87,396		)	(94,993		)	(73,235		)
Other income (expense)	140,318			(366,090		)	(502,582		)	(16,792		)	18,202
Income (loss) before income taxes	73,714			(461,985		)	(589,978		)	(111,785		)	(55,033		)
Net income (loss)	72,322			(462,866		)	(591,116		)	(112,198		)	(54,924		)

Balance Sheet Data (end of period):
Cash and cash equivalents	7,476			7,121			17,408			11,792			9,951
Property and equipment, net	1,077,560			1,113,560			1,169,785			1,215,156			1,217,718
Total assets	1,232,921			1,268,420			1,372,608			1,403,775			1,420,405
Current maturities of long-term debt	32,835			6,450			4,046			655,874			—
Long-term debt, less current maturities	606,192			623,640			665,236			95,155			723,888
Stockholders’ equity	237,131			78,916			116,755			494,544			533,795

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and applicable notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements and other information included elsewhere in this Report, including risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item IA. Risk Factors. The following information contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, our actual results may differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. See “Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Report.

Performance Indicators

Our management reviews and analyzes several key performance indicators in order to manage our business and assess the quality of and potential variability of our earnings and cash flows. These key performance indicators include:


•	total revenue, which is an indicator of our overall business growth;


•	subscriber growth and churn rate, which are both indicators of the satisfaction of our customers;


•	average monthly revenue per user, or ARPU, which is an indicator of our pricing and ability to obtain effectively long-term, high-value customers. We calculate ARPU separately for each type of our Duplex, Simplex, SPOT and IGO revenue;


•	operating income and adjusted EBITDA, both of which are indicators of our financial performance; and


•	capital expenditures, which are an indicator of future revenue growth potential and cash requirements.

Comparison of the Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014

Revenue:

During 2015, total revenue increased $0.4 million to $90.5 million from $90.1 million in 2014. This increase was due primarily to a $4.3 million increase in service revenue, which is attributable to growth in our subscriber base. This increase in service revenue was offset partially by a $3.9 million decline in revenue generated from subscriber equipment sales, which resulted primarily from lower selling prices of our Duplex phones and SPOT units ahead of the transition to second-generation products. Additionally, during 2015 movement of foreign exchange rates significantly burdened total revenue. Due to our global footprint, we generate a significant portion of our sales in foreign currencies. Total revenue would have been approximately $4.6 million higher during the year ended December 31, 2015 if there had been no change in foreign exchange rates from the year ended December 31, 2014.

The following table sets forth amounts and percentages of our revenue by type of service (dollars in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31, 2015				Year Ended December 31, 2014
	Revenue		% of Total Revenue		Revenue		% of Total Revenue
Service Revenues:
Duplex	$	27,367	30	%	$	26,990	30	%
SPOT	33,495		37	%	29,072		33	%
Simplex	9,088		10	%	8,383		9	%
IGO	799		1	%	1,013		1	%
Other	3,375		4	%	4,365		5	%
Total Service Revenues	$	74,124	82	%	$	69,823	78	%

The following table sets forth amounts and percentages of our revenue from equipment sales (dollars in thousands).



	Year Ended December 31, 2015				Year Ended December 31, 2014
	Revenue		% of Total Revenue		Revenue		% of Total Revenue
Equipment Revenues:
Duplex	$	4,911	5	%	$	6,199	7	%
SPOT	5,059		6	%	6,280		7	%
Simplex	5,327		6	%	6,582		7	%
IGO	971		1	%	1,078		1	%
Other	98		—		102		—
Total Equipment Revenues	$	16,366	18	%	$	20,241	22	%

The following table sets forth our average number of subscribers, ARPU, and ending number of subscribers by type of revenue.



	December 31,
	2015		2014
Average number of subscribers for the year ended:
Duplex ⁽¹⁾	72,205		75,763
SPOT	253,108		231,106
Simplex	295,363		259,260
IGO	38,847		39,005

ARPU (monthly):
Duplex ⁽¹⁾	$	31.59	$	29.69
SPOT	11.03		10.48
Simplex	2.56		2.69
IGO	1.71		2.16

Number of subscribers end of year:
Duplex	77,047		67,362
SPOT	265,898		240,317
Simplex	303,559		287,167
IGO	39,035		38,658
Other	2,788		5,716
Total	688,327		639,220

(1)

For 2015 gross Duplex and SPOT subscriber additions were approximately 24,385 and 73,323, respectively. For 2014 gross Duplex and SPOT subscriber additions were approximately 18,773 and 61,670, respectively. Because our Simplex subscribers are able to activate and deactivate their units several times during the year, gross Simplex subscriber additions are not considered to be a meaningful metric.

The numbers reported in the table above are subject to immaterial rounding inherent in calculating averages.

Other service revenue includes revenue generated from engineering services and third party sources, which are not subscriber driven. Accordingly, we do not present average subscribers or ARPU for other service revenue in the table above.

Service Revenue

Duplex service revenue increased $0.4 million in 2015. The Duplex subscriber base increased 14% from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2015. The increase in service revenue generated from subscriber growth was offset partially by a decrease in ARPU (adjusted for the mass deactivations in 2014 as described above). Changes in the rate plans selected by our subscribers and the negative impact from the appreciation of the U.S. dollar caused this 2015 decrease in ARPU. In 2015 the movement of foreign exchange rates decreased Duplex service revenue by $2.3 million.

SPOT service revenue increased 15% in 2015. SPOT ARPU increased 5% driven primarily by the significant number of SPOT Gen3^TM sales over the past 12 months. We sell SPOT Gen3^TM with a higher annual rate plan compared to other SPOT products. SPOT subscribers increased 11% from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2015. Expansion in international markets and a corresponding increase in activations are the principal reasons for growth in our SPOT subscriber base.

Simplex service revenue increased 8% in 2015 due to a 14% increase in average Simplex subscribers during 2015, offset partially by a 5% decrease in ARPU due to the various competitive pricing plans we offer to our Simplex customers.

Other revenue decreased $1.0 million, or 23%, in 2015. The decrease in other revenue is due primarily to lower revenue generated from government contracts as well as a decrease in third party revenue. While we were manufacturing and deploying our second-generation constellation, we began purchasing service from other satellite providers that we re-sell to certain loyal customers to maintain the customer relationship. We record this revenue in other service revenue as third party revenue. In markets where our coverage is fully restored, we have transitioned these subscribers to our network.

Equipment Revenue

Revenue from Duplex equipment sales decreased 21% in 2015. Although there was a 14% increase in the Duplex subscriber base from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2015, Duplex equipment sales revenue declined due to a reduction in the selling price of our phones beginning in early 2015 in advance of the introduction of second-generation products, which we expect in 2016. Reduced Duplex equipment pricing has contributed to the 48% increase in the number of phones sold during 2015.

Revenue from SPOT equipment sales decreased 19% in 2015 primarily as a result of the success of our recent rebate programs. The rebates reduced equipment revenue, but contributed to the increase in SPOT service revenue by increasing our subscriber count. The success of our SPOT products continues to grow as evidenced in part by improving consumer velocity, which we measure by the number of subscriber activations.

Revenue from Simplex equipment sales decreased 19% in 2015. This decrease is due to product mix as we sold a larger number of high margin units in 2014 and a larger number of low margin units in 2015.

Total equipment revenue would have been approximately $1.2 million higher during 2015 if there had been no change in foreign exchange rates from 2014.

Operating Expenses:

Total operating expenses decreased $28.9 million, or 16%, to $157.1 million in 2015 from $186.0 million in 2014, due primarily to the reduction in the value of inventory recognized in 2014, which did not recur during 2015, and lower depreciation expense.

Cost of Services

Cost of services increased $0.9 million, or 3%, to $30.6 million in 2015 from $29.7 million in 2014. The Thales in-orbit support contract signed in the fourth quarter of 2014 contributed $0.7 million to this increase. Research and development costs related to new products were also higher in 2015. These increases were offset partially by decreases from the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes on contracts, personnel costs and other expenses that are denominated in foreign currencies. We also recognized a decrease in third party costs. As mentioned above in other service revenue, while we were manufacturing and deploying our second-generation constellation, we began purchasing service from other satellite providers that we re-sell to certain loyal customers. We record these costs in other cost of services as third party costs. In markets where our coverage is fully restored, we have transitioned most of these subscribers to our network; therefore, the costs have decreased.

Cost of Subscriber Equipment Sales

Cost of subscriber equipment sales decreased $3.0 million, or 20%, to $11.8 million in 2015 from $14.9 million in 2014. The decrease in cost of subscriber equipment sales is due to changes in the carrying value, mix, and volume of products sold during the respective years. During the fourth quarter of 2014, we recorded a reduction in the carrying value of Duplex inventory based on evaluating and estimating timing of new product launches.

Cost of Subscriber Equipment Sales - Reduction in the Value of Inventory

We recognized no reduction in the value of inventory during 2015 compared to $21.7 million for 2014. The 2014 reduction consisted of the following:


•	During the fourth quarter of 2014, we recorded a reduction in the value of inventory of $14.4 million. We recognized these charges after evaluating our Duplex inventory and estimating the timing of new product launches. Our assessment indicated that there was an excess of Duplex equipment included in inventory on hand based on our current sales run-rate.

•

During the second quarter of 2014, we recorded a reduction in the value of inventory of $7.3 million following cancellation of our contract with Qualcomm related to finished goods and raw materials previously accounted for as advances for inventory on our consolidated balance sheet. We cancelled this contract in March 2013, and we entered into an agreement with Qualcomm in July 2014 whereby we paid $0.1 million to Qualcomm for all remaining finished goods and raw materials held at Qualcomm. Our future business plan contemplates using Hughes-based technology in future product development. As a result, much of the raw material held by Qualcomm is not likely to be used in the future production of additional inventory and their value was impaired.

Marketing, general and administrative

Marketing, general and administrative expenses increased $3.9 million, or 12%, to $37.4 million in 2015 from $33.5 million in 2014. Higher subscriber acquisition costs resulting from enhanced advertising efforts, increased dealer commissions, broader global expansion, and aggressive rebate promotions comprised 50% of the increase in marketing, general and administrative expenses for 2015. We also incurred higher bad debt expense, which constituted 28% of the increase for 2015 due primarily to specific reserves we recorded for certain commercial customer balances. Higher personnel costs, which were driven by an expanded employee base and increased healthcare costs, also contributed to the increase. These increases were offset partially by decreases from the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes on contracts, personnel costs and other expenses that are denominated in foreign currencies. Stock compensation expense also decreased $0.4 million primarily related to the vesting of a key employee performance grant during 2014, which did not recur in 2015.

Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion

Depreciation, amortization, and accretion expense decreased $8.9 million, or 10%, to $77.2 million in 2015 compared to $86.1 million in 2014. This decrease relates primarily to our ending depreciation of our first-generation satellites launched during 2007, which reached the end of their estimated depreciable lives during 2014.

Other Income (Expense):

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

We recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.3 million in 2015 compared to $39.8 million in 2014.

Loss on extinguishment of debt during 2015 included:

•

Holders of $6.5 million principal amount of 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 converted their notes into our common stock, resulting in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.3 million on the issuance of 10.9 million shares of voting common stock. The fair value of the shares issued to these holders exceeded the derivative liability and principal amount written off due to the conversions, resulting in a loss on extinguishment of debt.

Loss on extinguishment of debt during 2014 included:

•

Holders of our 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 converted approximately $24.9 million principal amount of these notes, resulting in the issuance of 46.4 million shares of common stock and a non-cash loss on extinguishment of debt of $44.1 million. The fair value of the shares issued to these holders exceeded the derivative liability and principal amount written off due to the conversions, resulting in a loss on extinguishment of debt.

•

On April 15, 2014 we met the condition for automatic conversion of our 8.00% Notes Issued in 2009. During 2014, as a result of this automatic conversion and other conversions prior to April 15, 2014, holders of our 8.00% Notes Issued in 2009 converted approximately $51.7 million principal amount of these notes into 47.1 million shares of common stock, resulting in a non-cash gain on extinguishment of debt of $4.3 million. The derivative liability and principal amount written off exceeded the fair value of shares issued to the holders upon conversion, resulting in a gain on extinguishment of debt.

Loss on Equity Issuance

Loss on equity issuance was $6.7 million during 2015 and $0.7 million during 2014.

In June 2015, Hughes exercised its right to receive a pre-payment of certain payment milestones in shares of our common stock at a 7% discount to market value in lieu of cash. In valuing the shares issued to Hughes at the 7% discount, we recorded a non-cash loss of approximately $1.2 million in loss on equity issuance in our consolidated statements of operations. In conjunction with this agreement, we also provided Hughes downside protection through March 31, 2016. This agreement generally would require us to issue additional shares to Hughes if the market value of our common stock at the end of the downside protection period is less than the price at issuance. We recorded an additional $5.5 million loss on equity issuance during 2015 based on an estimate of the value of this option calculated using a Black-Scholes pricing model. We mark this liability to market at each balance sheet date and through the settlement date.

During the second quarter of 2014, Hughes also exercised its right to receive a pre-payment of certain milestone payments in shares of our common stock at a 7% discount to market value in lieu of cash. We recorded a loss of $0.7 million related to this discount in our consolidated statements of operations.

Interest Income and Expense

Interest income and expense, net, decreased $7.3 million to an expense of $35.9 million for 2015 compared to an expense of $43.2 million for 2014. This decrease resulted primarily from interest expense of approximately $4.0 million related to make-whole interest we paid to holders who converted 8.00% Notes Issued in 2009 and 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 during 2014, compared to $0.6 million of make-whole interest paid to converting holders during 2015. A decrease in our outstanding debt balance and an increase in capitalized interest also contributed to the decrease in interest expense for the year. See Note 3: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements to our Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of the reduction in our outstanding debt balance, including conversions of the remaining 8.00% Notes Issued in 2009 in April 2014 and a portion of the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 at various dates throughout 2014 and 2015.

Derivative Gain (Loss)

Derivative gain (loss) fluctuated by $467.9 million to a gain of $181.9 million in 2015 compared to a loss of $286.0 million in 2014. We recognize gains or losses due to the change in the value of certain embedded features within our debt instruments that require standalone derivative accounting. Fluctuations in our stock price are the most significant cause for the change in value of these derivative instruments. Our stock price fluctuated significantly during 2015 and 2014, resulting in material non-cash derivative gains and losses in these periods. See Note 5: Fair Value Measurements to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the fair value computations of our derivatives.

Other

Other income decreased by $0.6 million to $3.2 million in 2015 from $3.8 million in 2014. Changes in other income (expense) are due primarily to foreign currency gains and losses recognized during the respective periods. The U.S. dollar has strengthened significantly since mid-2014 relative to certain other currencies, including the Euro and Canadian dollar. Given the significant financial statement amounts we have denominated in these currencies, the foreign currency gain decreased by $0.4 million to $3.7 million in 2015 compared to $4.1 million in 2014.

We recorded a foreign currency gain during 2015 notwithstanding a $1.9 million loss related to our Venezuelan subsidiary. Effective July 1, 2015, we began using the SIMADI exchange rate published by the Central Bank of Venezuela to remeasure our Venezuelan subsidiary's Bolivar based transactions and net monetary assets in U.S. dollars. We determined, based upon our specific facts and circumstances, that the SIMADI rate is the most appropriate rate for financial reporting purposes, instead of the official exchange rate we previously used.

Comparison of the Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

Revenue:

Total revenue increased $7.4 million, or 9%, to $90.1 million during 2014 from $82.7 million in 2013. This increase was due primarily to a $5.2 million increase in service revenue coupled with a $2.2 million increase in revenue from subscriber equipment sales. The primary driver for the increase in service revenue was Duplex service revenue as we continued to see increases in new subscriber activations as a result of equipment sales over the prior 12 months and subscribers moving to higher rate plans. Demand for our Duplex products and services increased after we successfully completed the restoration of our second-generation constellation in August 2013 by placing our last second-generation satellite into commercial service. We also experienced increases in our SPOT and Simplex service lines due primarily to growth in both of the related subscriber bases. The increase in equipment sales revenue was due primarily to increased demand for our SPOT products, including the SPOT Gen3 and SPOT Trace.

The following table sets forth amounts and percentages of our revenue by type of service (dollars in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31, 2014				Year Ended December 31, 2013
	Revenue		% of Total Revenue		Revenue		% of Total Revenue
Service Revenues:
Duplex	$	26,990	30	%	$	22,788	28	%
SPOT	29,072		33	%	27,902		34	%
Simplex	8,383		9	%	7,619		9	%
IGO	1,013		1	%	1,029		1	%
Other	4,365		5	%	5,306		6	%
Total Service Revenues	$	69,823	78	%	$	64,644	78	%

The following table sets forth amounts and percentages of our revenue from equipment sales (dollars in thousands).



	Year Ended December 31, 2014				Year Ended December 31, 2013
	Revenue		% of Total Revenue		Revenue		% of Total Revenue
Equipment Revenues:
Duplex	$	6,199	7	%	$	6,565	8	%
SPOT	6,280		7	%	4,546		6	%
Simplex	6,582		7	%	5,927		7	%
IGO	1,078		1	%	841		1	%
Other	102		—		188		—
Total Equipment Revenues	$	20,241	22	%	$	18,067	22	%

The following table sets forth our average number of subscribers, ARPU, and ending number of subscribers by type of revenue for 2014 and 2013. The numbers reported in the table below are subject to immaterial rounding inherent in calculating averages.



	December 31,
	2014		2013
Average number of subscribers for the year ended:
Duplex ⁽¹⁾	75,763		84,247
SPOT ⁽²⁾	231,106		231,488
Simplex	259,260		209,756
IGO	39,005		40,249

ARPU (monthly):
Duplex ⁽¹⁾	$	29.69	$	22.54
SPOT ⁽²⁾	10.48		10.04
Simplex	2.69		3.03
IGO	2.16		2.13

Number of subscribers end of year:
Duplex	67,362		84,163
SPOT	240,317		221,895
Simplex	287,167		231,353
IGO	38,658		39,351
Other	5,716		6,364
Total	639,220		583,126

(1)

In 2014 we initiated a process to deactivate certain subscribers in our Duplex subscriber base who were either suspended or non-paying. We deactivated approximately 26,000 subscribers during the first quarter of 2014. For the year ended December 31, 2013, excluding these 26,000 deactivated subscribers from prior period metrics, average subscribers would have been 57,587 and ARPU would have been $32.98. For the year ended December 31, 2014, excluding these 26,000 deactivated subscribers from prior period metrics, average subscribers would have been 62,433 and ARPU would have been $36.03.


(2)	In 2013 we initiated a process to deactivate certain suspended subscribers in our SPOT subscriber base. We deactivated approximately 36,000 subscribers during the first quarter of 2013. For the year ended December 31, 2013, excluding these 36,000 deactivated subscribers from prior period metrics, average subscribers would have been 213,438 and ARPU would have been $10.89.

For 2014 gross Duplex and SPOT subscriber additions were approximately 18,773 and 61,670, respectively. For 2013 gross Duplex and SPOT subscriber additions were approximately 15,252 and 50,643, respectively. Because our Simplex subscribers are able to activate and deactivate their units several times during the year, gross Simplex subscriber additions are not considered to be meaningful.

Other service revenue includes revenue generated from engineering services and third party sources, which is not subscriber driven. Accordingly, we do not present average subscribers or ARPU for other revenue in the above table.

Service Revenue

Duplex service revenue increased 18% in 2014 from 2013. During 2014, we continued a process that began in 2012 to convert certain of our Duplex customers to higher rate plans commensurate with our improved service levels. This process resulted in churn among lower rate paying subscribers. As previously stated, we deactivated approximately 26,000 Duplex subscribers from our network in the first quarter of 2014. However, this churn was offset by the transition of subscribers to higher rate plans and the addition of new subscribers in higher rate plans, resulting in increases to service revenue and ARPU. As we completed our second-generation constellation in August 2013, Duplex service levels improved resulting in an increase in Duplex service revenue as more customers activated units on our network.

SPOT service revenue increased 4% in 2014. Growth in the SPOT subscriber base was driven primarily by new product introductions, including the SPOT Gen3 and SPOT Trace. Ending SPOT subscribers increased 8% from December 31, 2013 to December 31, 2014.

Simplex service revenue increased 10% in 2014 due to a 24% increase in average Simplex subscribers. Throughout 2014, we experienced high demand for our Simplex products, resulting in increased subscriber activations, thus generating additional Simplex service revenue recognized in 2014.

Other service revenue decreased $0.9 million, or 18%, in 2014. This decrease was due primarily to a $0.9 million decrease in our third party revenue. While we were manufacturing and deploying our second-generation constellation, we purchased service from other satellite providers that we re-sold to certain loyal customers. We recorded this revenue in other service revenue as third party revenue. As our coverage became fully restored, we continued to transition these subscribers to our network, which contributed to the increase in our Duplex service revenue.

Equipment Revenue

Revenue from Duplex equipment sales decreased 6% in 2014. As a result of launching and placing into service our second-generation satellites, we experienced increased demand for our Duplex two-way voice and data products. However, the decrease in revenue from Duplex equipment sales in 2014 resulted from elevated sales of the SPOT Global Phone during 2013. Higher volume sales in 2013 were due to initial trade channel distribution following the product’s release in the second quarter of 2013. This product represented approximately 32% of the total number of phones sold during 2013.

Revenue from SPOT equipment sales increased 38% in 2014. Growth in sales of our SPOT products was due to increased demand for SPOT Gen3 and SPOT Trace.

Revenue from Simplex equipment sales increased 11% in 2014. We continue to experience demand for our commercial applications for M2M asset monitoring and tracking as revenue related to these products increased in 2014 due to the mix of products sold during 2014. We included in our 2014 sales the shipment of over 10,000 M2M asset monitoring devices to Ecuador’s commercial fishing fleet.

Operating Expenses:

Total operating expenses increased $15.9 million, or 9%, to $186.0 million in 2014 from $170.1 million in 2013, due primarily to an increase in the reduction in value of inventory, discussed further below.

Cost of Services

Cost of services decreased $0.5 million, or 2%, to $29.7 million in 2014 from $30.2 million in 2013. Cost of services comprises primarily network operating costs, which are generally fixed in nature. As stated above, while we were manufacturing and deploying our second-generation constellation, we purchased service from other satellite providers, which we re-sold to some of our subscribers. We record the expense related to this service in cost of services. As we transition these subscribers to our network, these costs decrease. During 2014, these costs decreased approximately $1.0 million. This decrease was offset partially by increases in multiple expense categories as we expanded and updated our gateway infrastructure.

Cost of Subscriber Equipment Sales

Cost of subscriber equipment sales increased $1.2 million, or 9%, to $14.9 million in 2014 from $13.6 million in 2013. The fluctuations in cost of subscriber equipment sales are due primarily to the mix and volume of products sold during the respective years.

Cost of Subscriber Equipment Sales - Reduction in the Value of Inventory

Cost of subscriber equipment sales - reduction in the value of inventory was $21.7 million in 2014 compared to $5.8 million in 2013. The 2014 amount consists of the following:


•	During the fourth quarter of 2014, we recorded a reduction in the value of inventory of $14.4 million. We recognized these charges after evaluating our Duplex inventory and estimating the timing of new product launches. Our assessment indicated that there was an excess of Duplex equipment included in inventory on hand based on the current sales run-rate.

•

During the second quarter of 2014, we recorded a $7.3 million reduction in the value of inventory following cancellation of our contract with Qualcomm related to finished goods and raw materials previously accounted for as advances for inventory on our consolidated balance sheet. We cancelled this contract in March 2013, and we entered into an agreement with Qualcomm in July 2014 whereby we paid $0.1 million to Qualcomm for all remaining finished goods and raw materials held at Qualcomm. Our future business plan contemplates using Hughes-based technology in future product development. As a result, much of the raw material held by Qualcomm was not likely to be used in the future production of additional inventory and their value was impaired.

Marketing, general and administrative

Marketing, general and administrative expenses increased $3.6 million, or 12%, to $33.5 million in 2014 from $29.9 million in 2013. The increase was due primarily to employee-related non-cash costs including an increase in the fair value of stock compensation recognized for new stock options and stock awards granted in the previous 12 months, which represented approximately 42% of the total increase in marketing, general and administrative expenses during 2014.

Reduction in the Value of Long-Lived Assets

Reduction in the value of long-lived assets was $0.1 million in 2014 and $0 in 2013. During the fourth quarter of 2014, we recorded a loss of $0.1 million related to an adjustment made to the carrying value of construction in progress. A similar charge did not occur during 2013.

Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion

Depreciation, amortization, and accretion expense decreased $4.4 million, or 5%, to $86.1 million in 2014 compared to $90.6 million in 2013. This decrease related primarily to the first-generation satellites launched during 2007 as these satellites reached the end of their estimated depreciable lives during 2014.

Other Income (Expense):

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

We recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $39.8 million in 2014 as compared to $109.1 million in 2013.

Loss on extinguishment of debt during 2014 included:

•

On April 15, 2014 we met the condition for automatic conversion of our 8.00% Notes Issued in 2009. During 2014, as a result of this automatic conversion and other conversions prior to April 15, 2014, holders of our 8.00% Notes Issued in 2009 converted approximately $51.7 million principal amount of these notes into 47.1 million shares of our common stock, resulting in a non-cash gain on extinguishment of debt of $4.3 million. The derivative liability and principal amount written off exceeded the fair value of shares issued to the holders upon conversion, resulting in a gain on extinguishment of debt.

Loss on extinguishment of debt during 2013 included:

•

In May 2013 we entered into the Exchange Agreement (as defined below) with the holders of approximately 91.5% of our outstanding 5.75% Notes. The Exchanging Note Holders (as defined below) received a combination of cash, shares of our common stock and 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013. We redeemed the remaining 5.75% Notes for cash in an amount equal to their outstanding principal amount. As a result of the exchange and redemption, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $47.2 million in 2013, representing the difference between the net carrying amount of the old 5.75% Notes and the fair value of consideration given in the exchange (including the new 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013, cash payments to both Exchanging and non-Exchanging Note Holders, equity issued to the Exchanging Note Holders and fees incurred in connection with the exchange).

•

Holders of our 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 converted approximately $8.0 million principal amount of these notes into 14.9 million shares of common stock, resulting in a non-cash gain on extinguishment of debt of $4.2 million. The derivative liability and principal amount written off exceeded the fair value of shares issued to the holders upon conversion resulting in a gain on extinguishment of debt.


•	In July 2013, we entered into an amended and restated Loan Agreement with Thermo. As a result of the amendment and restatement, we recorded a non-cash loss on extinguishment of debt of $66.1 million, representing the difference between the fair value of the indebtedness under the Loan Agreement, as amended and restated, and its carrying value just prior to amendment and restatement.

Loss on Equity Issuance

Loss on equity issuance was $0.7 million during 2014 and $17.7 million during 2013.

During the second quarter of 2014, Hughes exercised its right to receive a pre-payment of certain payment milestones in the form of our common stock at a 7% discount to market value in lieu of cash. In valuing the shares, we recorded a non-cash loss of approximately $0.7 million.

In 2013, we recorded a non-cash loss on equity issuance of $17.7 million resulting from the following transactions.

•

In May and October 2013, we entered into common stock purchase agreements with Thermo. As a result of issuing stock under these agreements, we recognized non-cash losses totaling $16.4 million on the sale of shares representing the difference between the sale price of our common stock sold to Thermo and its fair value on the date of each sale (measured as the closing stock price on the date of each sale).


•	In July 2013, a holder of our 5.0% Warrants exercised warrants in a net share exercise. We recorded the fair value of the common stock issued with respect to this exercise as a loss on equity issuance of $0.3 million, representing the fair value of the stock issued on the date the warrant was exercised.


•	In November and December 2013, Hughes exercised its right to receive pre-payments of certain payment milestones in the form of our common stock at a 7% discount to market value in lieu of cash. In valuing the shares, we recorded a non-cash loss of approximately $1.0 million.

Interest Income and Expense

Interest income and expense, net, decreased by $24.6 million to $43.2 million in 2014 from $67.8 million in 2013. During 2013 all of our 5.0% Notes converted into shares of our common stock. The total expense recorded in 2013 as a result of these conversions was $29.3 million. We recorded a beneficial conversion feature in connection with the issuance of the 5.0% Notes; when an instrument with a beneficial conversion feature is converted prior to the full accretion of the debt discounts, the unamortized discounts are recorded as interest expense. See Note 3: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements in our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion. Similar charges did not occur in 2014.

The decrease in interest expense during 2014 is also due to a decrease in our outstanding debt balance in 2014 as compared to 2013, which was driven primarily by conversion of a portion of our indebtedness. As discussed in Note 3: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements in our Consolidated Financial Statements, this conversion activity included the remaining 5.0% Notes in November 2013, the remaining 8.00% Notes Issued in 2009 in April 2014, and a portion of the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 at various dates throughout 2013 and 2014.

Items that caused an increase to interest expense during 2014 included a reduction in our capitalized interest due to the decline in our construction in progress balance. As we placed satellites into service throughout 2013, our construction in progress balance related to our second-generation satellites decreased, which reduced the amount of interest we could capitalize under U.S. GAAP. As a result of this decrease in our construction in progress balance, we recorded approximately $36.9 million in interest expense during 2014 compared to $28.2 million in 2013.

Additionally, beginning on May 20, 2014, the first anniversary of the issuance of the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013, the holders had a right to receive make-whole interest payments upon conversion of these notes into common stock. The note conversions during 2014 resulted in approximately $3.1 million of additional interest expense due to make-whole interest payments made upon conversion.

Derivative Gain (Loss)

Non-cash derivative losses decreased by $20.0 million to a loss of $286.0 million in 2014 compared to a non-cash loss of $306.0 million in 2013. We recognize gains or losses due to the change in the value of certain embedded features within our debt instruments that require standalone derivative accounting. These fluctuations are due primarily to changes in our stock price as well as other inputs used in our valuation models.

Other

Other income (expense) fluctuated by $5.8 million to income of $3.8 million in 2014 from expense of $2.0 million in 2013. Changes in other income (expense) are due primarily to non-cash foreign currency gains and losses recognized during the respective periods. Additionally, a $0.6 million loss was recorded related to an equity method investment in 2013.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal liquidity requirements include paying amounts related to second-generation upgrades to our ground infrastructure, repaying our debt and funding our operating costs. Our principal sources of liquidity include cash on hand, cash flows from operations, funds available under our common stock purchase agreement with Terrapin and funds available under the August 2015 Thermo equity commitment. See below for further discussion. See Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors for a description of risks, some of which are beyond our control, affecting our ability to achieve our liquidity requirements.

Additionally, the Facility Agreement requires us to maintain $37.9 million in a debt service reserve account. The Facility Agreement restricts the use of the funds in this account to making principal and interest payments under the Facility Agreement. As of December 31, 2015, the balance in the debt service reserve account was $37.9 million, which we classified as restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets.

Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013

The following table shows our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
Statements of Cash Flows	2015			2014			2013
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	2,162		$	3,981		$	(6,462	)
Net cash used in investing activities	(33,478		)	(19,277		)	(37,119		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	33,276			5,337			48,972
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(1,605		)	(328		)	225
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	355		$	(10,287	)	$	5,616

Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities during 2015 was $2.2 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities during 2014 of $4.0 million. Compared to 2014, net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $1.8 million due primarily to lower cash receipts for future services to be provided by us to our subscribers and lower cash receipts from the sale of inventory. These activities were offset partially by favorable fluctuations in certain operating assets and liabilities, including accounts payable and accrued expenses, other current assets and non-current liabilities.

Net cash provided by operating activities during 2014 was $4.0 million compared to net cash used in operating activities during 2013 of $6.5 million. During 2014, we experienced favorable changes in operating assets and liabilities, which resulted in less cash being used in operating activities. Compared to 2013, net cash provided by (used in) operating activities fluctuated by $10.5 million, which was due primarily to an increase in cash collected from accounts receivable, cash receipts for future services to be provided by us to our subscribers and cash receipts from the sale of inventory.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $33.5 million during 2015 compared to $19.3 million during 2014. The increase in cash used in investing activities of $14.2 million was due primarily to an increase in spending related to our second-generation ground upgrades.

Cash used in investing activities was $19.3 million during 2014 compared to $37.1 million during 2013. The $17.8 million decrease in cash used in investing activities was due primarily to a decrease in costs related to our second-generation constellation. Our payments related to the construction of our second-generation satellites decreased in 2014 as they were deployed fully by August 2013.

Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $33.3 million in 2015 compared to $5.3 million in 2014. The increase in cash provided by financing activities of $28.0 million during 2015 was due primarily to cash received from the sale of common stock to Terrapin, offset partially by higher principal payments on the Facility Agreement and a reduction in cash received for warrants exercised and other share issuances.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $5.3 million in 2014 compared to $49.0 million in 2013. The $43.7 million decrease in cash provided by financing activities during 2014 was due primarily to net proceeds in 2013 of $25.8 million related to the extinguishment of the 5.75% Notes and the issuance of equity to Thermo in connection with the Consent Agreement and the Common Stock Purchase and Option Agreement. Similar transactions did not recur in 2014. During 2013, we also drew $1.7 million consisting of the remaining amount under our Facility Agreement and the interest earned from amounts held in our contingent equity account. We also received cash for other issuances of shares and through warrants exercised. As a result of these transactions, we received $15.4 million in 2013 and $9.5 million in 2014. We also drew $6.0 million from our common stock purchase agreement with Terrapin in 2013. These decreases in cash provided by financing activities were coupled with the first principal payment pursuant to our Facility Agreement of $4.0 million, which was paid in 2014. See Note 3: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements in our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of these items.

Cash Position and Indebtedness

As of December 31, 2015, we held cash and cash equivalents of $7.5 million. We also had approximately $37.9 million in restricted cash, which we must maintain through the term of the Facility Agreement and which we will use to pay principal and interest under the Facility Agreement. Additionally, in August 2015, we entered into a new $75.0 million common stock purchase agreement with Terrapin (the "August 2015 Terrapin Agreement"), which is available to be drawn over a 24-month period. As of December 31, 2015, $60.0 million remained available under this agreement. In February 2016, we drew $6.5 million under the August 2015 Terrapin Agreement. See below section for further information.

As of December 31, 2014, we held cash and cash equivalents of $7.1 million, and $24.0 million was available under our prior common stock purchase agreement with Terrapin.

The carrying amount of our current and long-term debt outstanding was $32.8 million and $606.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2015, compared to $6.5 million and $623.6 million, respectively, at December 31, 2014. The current portion of our long-term debt outstanding at these dates represents principal payments under our Facility Agreement scheduled to occur within 12 months. The $8.9 million increase in our total debt balance during 2015 was due primarily to an increase in the carrying value of the Thermo Loan Agreement due to interest accruing on that debt, as well as an increase in the principal balance in connection with the Thermo Equity Agreement entered into in August 2015, and accretion of the debt discounts related to our convertible notes. These increases were offset partially by conversions of a portion of the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 and principal payments under our Facility Agreement.

Facility Agreement

On August 7, 2015, we entered into a Second Global Amendment and Restatement Agreement (the "2015 GARA") providing for the amendment and restatement of our former senior credit facility and certain related credit documents (this amended and restated senior secured credit facility agreement is herein referred to as the "Facility Agreement"). The indebtedness under the Facility Agreement is scheduled to mature in December 2022. As of December 31, 2015, we had fully drawn all funds available under the Facility Agreement. Semi-annual principal repayments began in December 2014. See Note 3: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Facility Agreement contains customary events of default and requires that we satisfy various financial and non-financial covenants. Pursuant to the terms of the Facility Agreement, until 2019 we may cure noncompliance with certain financial covenants through Equity Cure Contributions (as described below). If we violate any of these covenants and are unable to obtain a sufficient Equity Cure Contribution or a waiver, we would be in default under the Facility Agreement, and the lenders could accelerate payment of the indebtedness. The acceleration of our indebtedness under one agreement may permit acceleration of indebtedness

under other agreements that contain cross-acceleration provisions. As of December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with respect to the covenants of the Facility Agreement.

The compliance calculations of the financial covenants of the Facility Agreement permit inclusion of certain cash funds contributed to us from the issuance of our common stock and/or subordinated indebtedness. We refer to these funds as "Equity Cure Contributions" and we may obtain them to achieve compliance with financial covenants, subject to the conditions set forth in the Facility Agreement. Each Equity Cure Contribution must be in a minimum amount of $10 million for each measurement period or in the aggregate for all periods until the date that such funding is no longer allowed by the Facility Agreement. In February and June 2015, we drew $10 million and $14 million, respectively, under our agreement with Terrapin, as described below. We deemed these funds to be Equity Cure Contributions under the Facility Agreement and treated them accordingly in our calculation of compliance with certain financial covenants for the measurement periods ended December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2015. In August 2015 and February 2016, we drew $15 million and $6.5 million, respectively, under the August 2015 Terrapin Agreement. We used a portion of these funds as an Equity Cure Contribution under the Facility Agreement in the calculation of financial covenants for the measurement period ended December 31, 2015.

The Facility Agreement requires that we maintain a total of $37.9 million in a debt service reserve account which is pledged to secure all of our obligations under the Facility Agreement. We may use these funds only to make principal and interest payments under the Facility Agreement. As of December 31, 2015, the balance in the debt service reserve account, which was established with the proceeds of the loan agreement with Thermo discussed below, was $37.9 million and classified as restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets.

The 2015 GARA amended the Facility Agreement to, among other things, clarify the definition of Net Debt and the calculation of the Net Debt to Adjusted Consolidated EBITDA covenant, change the way in which certain Equity Cure Contributions are calculated, and extend by up to two years the date through which we may utilize Equity Cure Contributions. The Facility Agreement bears interest at a floating rate of LIBOR plus 2.75% through June 2017, increasing by an additional 0.5% each year thereafter to a maximum rate of LIBOR plus 5.75%. Ninety-five percent of our obligations under the Facility Agreement are guaranteed by COFACE, the French export credit agency. Our obligations under the Facility Agreement are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by all of our domestic subsidiaries and are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of our assets and our domestic subsidiaries (other than their FCC licenses), including patents and trademarks, 100% of the equity of our domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the equity of certain foreign subsidiaries. See discussion in Note 3: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements in our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the 2015 GARA.

Thermo Loan Agreement

In connection with the amendment and restatement of the Facility Agreement, we amended and restated our loan agreement with Thermo (as amended and restated, the “Loan Agreement”). Our obligations to Thermo under the Loan Agreement are subordinated to all of our obligations under the Facility Agreement.

Amounts outstanding under the Loan Agreement accrue interest at 12% per annum, which we capitalize and add to the outstanding principal in lieu of cash payments. We will make payments to Thermo only when permitted by the Facility Agreement. Principal and interest under the Loan Agreement become due and payable six months after the obligations under the Facility Agreement have been paid in full, or earlier if a change in control or any acceleration of the maturity of the loans under the Facility Agreement occurs. As of December 31, 2015, $39.7 million of interest was outstanding under the Thermo Loan Agreement; we include this amount in long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets.

In connection with the 2015 GARA, Thermo and certain of its affiliates executed and delivered to the agent under the Facility Agreement the Second Thermo Group Undertaking Letter in which they agreed that, during the period commencing on the effective date of the 2015 GARA and ending on the later of March 31, 2018 and, if our 8% Notes Issued in 2013 have been redeemed in full, September 30, 2019, they will make, or cause to be made, available to us cash equity financing in the aggregate amount of $30.0 million. Thermo must provide these funds during this period if we request the funds or an event of default occurs and is continuing under the Facility Agreement, and Terrapin fails to purchase shares of our voting common stock to provide us with cash proceeds requested under the August 2015 Terrapin Agreement. The balance of this commitment will be reduced by any cash equity financing which we receive during the Commitment Period from Thermo or an external equity funding source, including Terrapin, which we use as an Equity Cure Contribution. In August 2015, we made a first draw under the August 2015 Terrapin agreement in the amount of $15.0 million, which reduced Thermo's remaining cash equity commitment to $15.0 million as of December 31, 2015.

In connection with the 2015 GARA, the Second Thermo Group Undertaking Letter and the Equity Agreement, we agreed to increase the principal amount under the Thermo Loan Agreement by $6.0 million. All of the transactions between us and Thermo

and its affiliates were reviewed and approved on our behalf by a special committee consisting of our independent directors, who were represented by independent counsel.

See Note 3: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements in our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the Second Thermo Group Undertaking Letter, the Equity Agreement, and the New Thermo Loan Agreement.

8.00% Convertible Senior Notes Issued in 2013

Our 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 initially were convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $0.80 per share of common stock, or 1,250 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013, subject to adjustment. Due to common stock issuances by us since May 20, 2013 at prices below the then effective conversion rate, the base conversion rate was $0.73 per share of common stock as of December 31, 2015.

Interest on the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. We pay interest in cash at a rate of 5.75% per annum and by issuing additional 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 at a rate of 2.25% per annum.

A holder of 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 has the right, at the holder’s option, to require us to purchase some or all of the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 on each of April 1, 2018 and April 1, 2023 at a price equal to the principal amount of the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 to be purchased plus accrued and unpaid interest.

The indenture governing the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 provides for customary events of default. If there is an event of default, the Trustee may, at the direction of the holders of 25% or more in aggregate principal amount of the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013, accelerate the maturity of the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013. As of December 31, 2015, we were not in default under the indenture governing the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013.

See Note 3: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements in our Consolidated Financial Statements for a complete description of our 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013.

Terrapin Opportunity, L.P. Common Stock Purchase Agreement

On December 28, 2012 we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Terrapin pursuant to which we were entitled, subject to certain conditions, to require Terrapin to purchase up to $30.0 million of shares of our voting common stock over the 24-month term beginning on August 2, 2013. From time to time over the 24-month term, and in our sole discretion, we could present Terrapin with up to 36 draw down notices requiring Terrapin to purchase a specified dollar amount of shares of our voting common stock. We agreed not to sell Terrapin a number of shares of voting common stock that, when aggregated with all other shares of voting common stock then beneficially owned by Terrapin and its affiliates, would result in the beneficial ownership by Terrapin or any of its affiliates of more than 9.9% of our then issued and outstanding shares of voting common stock. When we made a draw under this agreement, we issued shares of common stock to Terrapin at a price per share calculated as specified in the agreement. In September 2013, we drew $6.0 million under our agreement with Terrapin and issued 6.1 million shares of voting common stock to Terrapin at an average price of $0.98 per share. In February 2015, we drew $10.0 million and issued 4.5 million shares of voting common stock at an average price of $2.22 per share and in June 2015, we drew the remaining $14.0 million under our agreement with Terrapin and issued 6.6 million shares of voting common stock at an average price of $2.13 per share. Through the term of this agreement, Terrapin purchased a total of 17.2 million shares of voting common stock at a total purchase price of $30.0 million. No funds remain available under this agreement.

In conjunction with the amendment to the Facility Agreement in August 2015 (as discussed above), we entered into the August 2015 Terrapin Agreement pursuant to which we may require Terrapin to purchase up to $75.0 million of shares of our voting common stock over the 24-month term following the date of the agreement. Over the 24-month term, in our discretion, we may present Terrapin with up to 24 draw notices requiring Terrapin to purchase a specified dollar amount of shares of our voting common stock, based on the price per share per day over ten consecutive trading days (a "Draw Down Period"). The per share purchase price for these shares will equal the daily volume weighted average price of common stock on each date during the Draw Down Period on which shares are purchased by Terrapin (but not less than a minimum price specified by us (a “Threshold Price”)), less a discount ranging from 2.75% to 4.00% based on the amount of the Threshold Price. In addition, in our discretion, but subject to certain limitations, we may grant to Terrapin the option to purchase additional shares during the Draw Down Period. We have agreed not to sell to Terrapin a number of shares of voting common stock which, when aggregated with all other shares of voting common stock then beneficially owned by Terrapin and its affiliates, would result in their beneficial ownership of more than 9.9% of the number of our shares of voting common stock issued and outstanding at the date of the sale. As previously discussed, Thermo committed to purchase up to $30.0 million of our equity securities if we require it to do so or if there is an event of default under the Facility Agreement and funds are not available under the August 2015 Terrapin Agreement.

In August 2015, we drew $15.0 million under the August 2015 Terrapin Agreement and issued 9.3 million shares of voting common stock to Terrapin at an average price of $1.61 per share. In February 2016, we drew $6.5 million under the August 2015 Terrapin Agreement and issued 6.4 million shares of voting common stock to Terrapin at an average price of $1.02 per share. Currently, $53.5 million remains available under the August 2015 Terrapin Agreement. We expect to make draws from time to time under the August 2015 Terrapin Agreement to be used as Equity Cure Contributions under the Facility Agreement or for general corporate purposes. See Note 3: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements in our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the Terrapin agreement.

Warrants Outstanding

Warrants are outstanding to purchase shares of our common stock as shown in the table below:



	Outstanding Warrants		Strike Price
	December 31,		December 31,
	2015	2014	2015		2014
Contingent Equity Agreement (1)	30,191,866	30,191,866	$	0.01	$	0.01
5.0% Warrants (2)	8,000,000	8,000,000	0.32		0.32
	38,191,866	38,191,866

(1)

Pursuant to the terms of the Contingent Equity Agreement with Thermo (See Note 9: Related Party Transactions in our Consolidated Financial Statements for a complete description of the Contingent Equity Agreement), we issued to Thermo warrants to purchase shares of common stock pursuant to the annual availability fee and subsequent reset provisions in the Contingent Equity Agreement. These warrants are exercisable for five years from issuance. We originally issued these warrants between June 2009 and June 2012, and the exercise periods related to the remaining unexercised warrants will expire at various dates through June 2017.

(2)

In June 2011, we issued warrants (the “5.0% Warrants”) to purchase 15.2 million shares of our voting common stock in connection with the issuance of our 5.0% Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes. During 2013, the holders of a portion of the 5.0% Warrants exercised them to purchase 7.2 million shares of common stock. The remaining 5.0% Warrants are exercisable until June 2016. See Note 3: Long-Term Debt and Other Financing Arrangements in the Consolidated Financial Statements for a complete description of the 5.0% Warrants.

Capital Expenditures

We have entered into various contractual agreements, primarily with Hughes and Ericsson, related to the procurement and deployment of our second-generation gateways and other ground facilities.

Our agreements with Hughes are related to design, supply and implementation of RAN ground network equipment and software upgrades for installation at a number of our satellite gateway ground stations and satellite interface chips to be used in various second-generation devices.

In March 2015, we entered into an agreement with Hughes for the design, development, build, testing and delivery of four custom test equipment units for a total of $1.9 million. Hughes delivered this test equipment during the fourth quarter of 2015. In April 2015, we extended the scope of work for delivery of two additional RANs for a total of $4.0 million. These RANs were delivered in February 2016.

In April 2015, Hughes exercised its option to accept shares of our common stock (at a price 7% below market) in lieu of cash for certain of our remaining contract milestones, including milestones related to the 2015 work mentioned above, totaling approximately $15.5 million. In June 2015, we issued 7.4 million shares of freely tradable common stock at a 7% discount pursuant to this option. We recorded a loss equal to the value of the 7% discount of $1.2 million in our consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2015. In the April 2015 agreement (as amended), we agreed to provide downside protection through March 31, 2016. This feature requires that we issue additional shares of common stock equal to the difference, if any, between $15.5 million and the total amount of gross proceeds Hughes receives from the sale of any shares plus the market value of any shares still held by Hughes as of the close of trading on March 31, 2016. Pursuant to this agreement, we recorded a $5.5 million liability as of December 31, 2015 based on an estimate of the value of this option calculated using a Black-Scholes pricing model. We mark this liability to market at each balance sheet date and through the settlement date. We recorded this estimated loss in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015.

In July 2015, we formally amended the contract with Hughes to include the revised scope of work set forth in the March 2015 and April 2015 letter agreements. We reflect the additional $1.9 million for delivery of four custom test equipment units and the $4.0 million for delivery of two additional RANs agreed to in March and April 2015, respectively, in the contract through this amendment.

Our agreements with Ericsson are related to development, implementation and maintenance of a ground interface, or core network system, which will be installed at a number of our satellite gateway ground stations. In July 2014, we signed an amended and restated contract to specify the remaining contract value and a new milestone schedule to reflect a revised program time line. Prior to the amended and restated contract being finalized, we made an agreement with Ericsson that deferred certain milestone payments previously due under the 2008 contract to 2014 and beyond. The deferred payments were incurring interest at a rate of 6.5% per annum. In April 2015, we signed an amendment to the 2014 contract to incorporate certain changes in scope and timing identified as necessary by the parties. In conjunction with signing this amendment, we executed a new letter agreement under which Ericsson agreed to waive the remaining $1.0 million in deferred milestone payments and $0.4 million in interest accrued on the milestone payments under the 2008 contract. In the first quarter of 2015, we reversed these amounts from accounts payable, accrued expenses and construction in progress on our consolidated balance sheet. In August 2015, we executed a second amendment to the 2014 contract which incorporates revised payment and pricing schedules. This amendment also reflects an accelerated time line for the project such that the work is estimated to be completed in the second quarter, instead of the third quarter, of 2016. As of December 31, 2015, the remaining amount due under the contract is $7.6 million.

The following table presents the amount of actual and contractual capital expenditures for our contracts with Hughes and Ericsson related to the construction of the ground components and related product costs and includes payments made in both cash and stock (in thousands):



	Payments through December 31,		Estimated Future Payments
Capital Expenditures	2015		2016		Total
Hughes second-generation ground component (including research and development expense)	$	111,082	$	756	$	111,838
Ericsson ground network	23,900		7,608		31,508
Other Capital Expenditures	1,667		—		1,667
Total	$	136,649	$	8,364	$	145,013

As of December 31, 2015, we recorded $1.9 million of these capital expenditures in accrued expenses.

In addition to the contractual agreements mentioned above, we have a contract with Thales for the construction of the second-generation low-earth orbit satellites and related services. We successfully completed the launches of our second-generation satellites. We are engaged in ongoing discussions with Thales regarding certain deliverables under the contract.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Contractual obligations at December 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):



Contractual Obligations:	2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		Thereafter		Total
Debt obligations (1)	$	32,835	$	75,755	$	95,905	$	94,870	$	100,000	$	400,870	$	800,235
Interest on long-term debt (2)	21,630		20,861		19,925		18,086		14,992		14,971		110,465
Network purchase obligations (3)	9,064		—		—		—		—		—		9,064
Contract termination charge (4)	19,108		—		—		—		—		—		19,108
Debt restructuring fees (5)	—		20,795		—		—		—		—		20,795
Operating lease obligations	1,297		1,252		1,124		280		252		129		4,334
Pension obligations	969		962		969		991		992		5,236		10,119
Licensing and royalty obligations (6)	753		575		575		—		—		—		1,903
Total	$	85,656	$	120,200	$	118,498	$	114,227	$	116,236	$	421,206	$	976,023


(1)	These amounts include cash and payment in kind ("PIK") interest. Interest on the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 is payable semi-annually in cash at a rate of 5.75% per annum and in additional notes at a rate of 2.25% per annum. PIK interest is shown as due in the year the underlying debt is due. The maturity date of the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 is April 1, 2028; however the

holders of these notes can require us to purchase any or all of the notes at par in cash on April 1, 2018. For purposes of this schedule, we show these notes as due in 2018 because of this put option. The table above does not consider other potential conversions as we cannot predict the amount, if any, of the notes that may be converted.


(2)	Amounts include projected interest payments to be made in cash. Debt outstanding under our Facility Agreement bears interest at a floating rate and, accordingly, we estimated our interest costs in future periods. Amounts also include projected cash interest to be paid on the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013 through the first put date of April 1, 2018.


(3)	We have purchase commitments with Thales, Ericsson, and Hughes related to the procurement, deployment and maintenance of our second-generation network. See Note 6: Commitments in our Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion on these contractual commitments.

(4)

In June 2012, we settled our prior commercial disputes with Thales, including those disputes that were the subject of an arbitration award, for €17,530,000. This amount represented one-third of the termination charges awarded to Thales in the arbitration. The payment is due on the later of the effective date of the new contract for the purchase of additional second-generation satellites and the occurrence of the effective date of the financing for the purchase of these satellites and the first draw from the financing. We included this amount in 2016 above, although the timing of any payment is indefinite and undeterminable. For purposes of the table above, we converted the termination charge to U.S. dollars using the exchange rate in effect at December 31, 2015. See Note 7: Contingencies in our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

(5)

In August 2013, pursuant to an amendment and restatement of the Facility Agreement, we paid the lenders a restructuring fee plus an additional underwriting fee to COFACE in the aggregate amount of approximately $13.9 million, representing 40% of the total restructuring and underwriting fee; the balance of $20.8 million is due no later than December 31, 2017. We include this remaining amount in noncurrent liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.


(6)	We have signed various licensing and royalty agreements necessary for the manufacture and distribution of our second-generation products, which are expected to be introduced in 2016. We will pay or have paid license fees for new product technology with royalty fees payable on a per unit basis as these units are manufactured, sold, or activated.

Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

We have no material off-balance sheet transactions.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of recent accounting guidance and the expected impact that the guidance could have on our Consolidated Financial Statements, see Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Consolidated Financial Statements contains a description of the accounting policies used in the preparation of our financial statements as well as the consideration of recently issued accounting standards and the estimated impact these standards will have on our financial statements. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis, including those related to revenue recognition; property and equipment; income taxes; and derivative instruments. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual amounts could differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

We define a critical accounting policy or estimate as one that is both important to our financial condition and results of operations and requires us to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments or estimates about matters that are uncertain. We believe that the following are the critical accounting policies and estimates used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, there are other items within our Consolidated Financial Statements that require estimates but are not deemed critical as defined in this paragraph.

Revenue Recognition

Our primary types of revenue include (i) service revenue from two-way voice communication and data transmissions and one-way data transmissions between a mobile or fixed device and (ii) subscriber equipment revenue from the sale of Duplex two-way transmission products, SPOT consumer retail products, and Simplex one-way transmission products. Additionally, we generate revenue by providing engineering and support services to certain customers. We provide Duplex, SPOT and Simplex services directly to customers and indirectly through resellers and IGOs.

Duplex Service Revenue

For our Duplex customers and resellers, we recognize revenue for monthly access fees in the period we render services. Access fees represent the minimum monthly charge for each line of service based on its associated rate plan. We also recognize revenue for airtime minutes in excess of the monthly access fees in the period such minutes are used. Under certain annual plans where customers prepay for a predetermined amount of minutes, we defer revenue until the minutes are used or the prepaid time period expires. Unused minutes accumulate until they expire, at which point we recognize revenue for any remaining unused minutes. For annual access fees charged for certain annual plans, we recognize revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the plan.

We expense or charge credits granted to customers against revenue or deferred revenue upon issuance.

We expense subscriber acquisition costs, including such items as dealer commissions and internal sales commissions at the time of the related sale, except as it relates to certain multi-deliverable contracts.

SPOT and Simplex Service Revenue

We sell SPOT and Simplex services as annual or multi-year plans and recognize revenue ratably over the service term or as service is used, beginning when the service is activated by the customer. We record amounts received in advance as deferred revenue.

IGO Service Revenue

We earn a portion of our revenues through the sale of airtime minutes or data packages on a wholesale basis to IGOs. We recognize revenue from services provided to IGOs based upon airtime minutes or data packages used by their customers and in accordance with contractual fee arrangements. If collection is uncertain, we recognize revenue when cash payment is received.

Other Service Revenue

We also provide certain engineering services to assist customers in developing new technologies related to our system. We recognize the revenues associated with these services when the services are rendered, and we recognize the expenses when incurred.

Equipment Revenue

Subscriber equipment revenue represents the sale of fixed and mobile user terminals, accessories and our SPOT and Simplex products. We recognize revenue upon shipment provided title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the fee is fixed and determinable, and collection is probable.

Revenue Contracts with Multiple Elements

At times, we will sell subscriber equipment through multi-element contracts with services. When we sell subscriber equipment and services in bundled arrangements and determine that we have separate units of accounting, we will allocate the bundled contract price among the various contract deliverables based on each deliverable’s relative fair value. We will determine vendor specific objective evidence of fair value by assessing sales prices of subscriber equipment and services when they are sold to customers on a stand-alone basis. We will defer initial direct costs incurred related to these contracts to the extent they exceed the profit margin recognized at the time of sale.

Property and Equipment

We capitalize costs associated with the design, manufacture, test and launch of our low earth orbit satellites. We track capitalized costs associated with our satellites by fixed asset category and allocate them to each asset as it comes into service. For assets that are sold or retired, including satellites that are de-orbited and no longer providing services, we remove the estimated cost and accumulated depreciation. We recognize a loss from an in-orbit failure of a satellite as an expense in the period it is determined that the satellite is not recoverable.

We depreciate satellites over their estimated useful lives, beginning on the date each satellite is placed into service. We evaluate the appropriateness of estimated depreciable lives assigned to our property and equipment and revise such lives to the extent warranted by changing facts and circumstances.

We capitalize costs associated with the design, manufacture and test of our ground stations and other capital assets. We track capitalized costs associated with our ground stations and other capital assets by fixed asset category and allocate them to each asset as it comes into service.

We review the carrying value of our assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the recorded value may not be recoverable. We look to current and future undiscounted cash flows, excluding financing costs, as primary indicators of recoverability. If we determine that impairment exists, we calculate any related impairment loss based on fair value.

Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. This method takes into account the differences between financial statement treatment and tax treatment of certain transactions. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Our deferred tax calculation requires us to make certain estimates about our future operations. Changes in state, federal and foreign tax laws, as well as changes in our financial condition or the carrying value of existing assets and liabilities, could affect these estimates. We recognize the effect of a change in tax rates as income or expense in the period that the rate is enacted.

We are required to assess whether it is more likely than not that we will be able to realize some or all of our deferred tax assets. If we cannot determine that deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be recoverable, we are required to provide a valuation allowance against those assets. This assessment takes into account factors including: (a) the nature, frequency, and severity of current and cumulative financial reporting losses; (b) sources of estimated future taxable income; and (c) tax planning strategies. We are required to weigh heavily a pattern of recent financial reporting losses as a source of negative evidence when determining the realizability of deferred tax assets. Projections of estimated future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences are a source of positive evidence only when the projections are combined with a history of recent profitable operations and can be reasonably estimated. Otherwise, we must consider projections inherently subjective and generally insufficient to overcome negative evidence that includes cumulative losses in recent years. If necessary and available, we would implement tax planning strategies to accelerate taxable amounts to utilize expiring carryforwards. These strategies would be a source of additional positive evidence supporting the realizability of deferred tax assets.

Derivative Instruments

We recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at their respective fair values. We record recognized gains or losses on derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of operations.

We estimate the fair values of our derivative financial instruments using various techniques that are considered to be consistent with the objective of measuring fair values. In selecting the appropriate technique, we consider, among other factors, the nature of the instrument, the market risks that embody it and the expected means of settlement. We determine the fair value of our interest rate cap using pricing models developed based on the LIBOR rate and other observable market data. We adjust the value to reflect nonperformance risk of both the counterparty and us. There are various features embedded in our debt instruments that require bifurcation from the debt host. For the conversion options and the contingent put features in the Amended and Restated Thermo Loan and the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013, we use a blend of a Monte Carlo simulation model and market prices to determine fair value. Valuations derived from these models are subject to ongoing internal and external verification and review. Estimating fair values of derivative financial instruments requires the development of significant and subjective estimates that may, and are likely to, change over the duration of the instrument with related changes in internal and external market factors. Our financial position and results of operations may vary materially from quarter-to-quarter based on conditions other than our operating revenues and expenses.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our services and products are sold, distributed or available in over 120 countries. Our international sales are denominated primarily in Canadian dollars, Brazilian Reals and Euros. In some cases, insufficient supplies of U.S. currency may require us to accept payment in other foreign currencies. We reduce our currency exchange risk from revenues in currencies other than the U.S. dollar by requiring payment in U.S. dollars whenever possible and purchasing foreign currencies on the spot market when rates are favorable. We currently do not purchase hedging instruments to hedge foreign currencies. We are obligated to enter into currency hedges with the lenders to the Facility Agreement no later than 90 days after any fiscal quarter during which more than 25% of revenues is denominated in a single currency other than U.S. or Canadian dollars. Otherwise, we cannot enter into hedging agreements other than interest rate cap agreements or other hedges described above without the consent of the agent for the Facility Agreement, and with that consent the counterparties may only be the lenders to the Facility Agreement.

We also have operations in Venezuela. Since 2010, the Venezuelan government's frequent modifications to its currency laws have caused the Bolivar to devalue significantly and resulted in Venezuela being considered a highly inflationary economy. At the end of each accounting period through June 30, 2015, we remeasured our Venezuelan subsidiary from the Bolivar to the U.S. dollar at the official government rate of 6.3 Bolivars per U.S. dollar. Effective July 1, 2015 we began using the SIMADI exchange rate published by the Central Bank of Venezuela to remeasure our Venezuelan subsidiary's Bolivar based transactions and net monetary assets in U.S. dollars. We determined, based upon our specific facts and circumstances, that the SIMADI rate is the most appropriate rate for financial reporting purposes, instead of the official exchange rate of 6.3 previously used. Included in the foreign currency gain (loss) recorded during the third quarter of 2015 was a $1.9 million loss related to our Venezuelan subsidiary. We continue to monitor the significant uncertainty surrounding current Venezuela exchange mechanisms.

Our interest rate risk arises from our variable rate debt under our Facility Agreement, under which loans bear interest at a floating rate based on the LIBOR. In order to reduce the interest rate risk, we completed an arrangement with the lenders under the Facility Agreement to limit the interest to which we are exposed. The interest rate cap provides limits on the 6-month Libor rate (Base Rate) used to calculate the coupon interest on outstanding amounts on the Facility Agreement to be capped at 5.50% should the Base Rate not exceed 6.5%. Should the Base Rate exceed 6.5%, our Base Rate will be 1% less than the then 6-month LIBOR rate. We have $575.8 million in principal outstanding under the Facility Agreement. A 1.0% change in interest rates would result in a change to interest expense of approximately $5.8 million annually.

See Note 5: Fair Value Measurements in our Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair market value and the market factors affecting changes in fair market value of each.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



	Page
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of Globalstar, Inc.	50
Report of Crowe Horwath LLP, independent registered public accounting firm	50
Consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014	51
Consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	52
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	53
Consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	54
Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	55
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	56

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Globalstar, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Globalstar, Inc. (“Globalstar”) as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2015. We also have audited Globalstar’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). Globalstar’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.” Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Globalstar as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2015 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, Globalstar maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

/s/ Crowe Horwath LLP

Oak Brook, Illinois

February 25, 2016

GLOBALSTAR, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value and share data)



	December 31,
	2015			2014
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,476		$	7,121
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $5,270 and $4,788, respectively	14,536			15,015
Inventory	12,023			14,734
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4,456			7,944
Total current assets	38,491			44,814
Property and equipment, net	1,077,560			1,113,560
Restricted cash	37,918			37,918
Deferred financing costs	57,906			63,862
Prepaid second-generation ground costs	8,929			—
Intangible and other assets, net	12,117			8,266
Total assets	$	1,232,921		$	1,268,420
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	32,835		$	6,450
Accounts payable	8,693			6,922
Accrued contract termination charge	18,546			21,308
Accrued expenses	22,439			22,342
Payables to affiliates	616			481
Deferred revenue	23,902			21,740
Total current liabilities	107,031			79,243
Long-term debt, less current portion	606,192			623,640
Employee benefit obligations	4,810			5,499
Derivative liabilities	239,642			441,550
Deferred revenue	6,413			6,572
Debt restructuring fees	20,795			20,795
Other non-current liabilities	10,907			12,205
Total non-current liabilities	888,759			1,110,261

Commitments and contingent liabilities (Notes 6 and 7)

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock of $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized and none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014	—			—
Series A Preferred Convertible Stock of $0.0001 par value; one share authorized and none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014	—			—
Voting Common Stock of $0.0001 par value; 1,200,000,000 shares authorized; 904,448,226 and 864,378,563 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively	90			86
Nonvoting Common Stock of $0.0001 par value; 400,000,000 shares authorized; 134,008,656 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014	13			13
Additional paid-in capital	1,591,443			1,503,619
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(4,833		)	(2,898		)
Retained deficit	(1,349,582		)	(1,421,904		)
Total stockholders’ equity	237,131			78,916
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,232,921		$	1,268,420

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

GLOBALSTAR, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)



	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Revenue:
Service revenues	$	74,124		$	69,823		$	64,644
Subscriber equipment sales	16,366			20,241			18,067
Total revenue	90,490			90,064			82,711
Operating expenses:
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately below)	30,615			29,668			30,210
Cost of subscriber equipment sales	11,814			14,857			13,623
Cost of subscriber equipment sales - reduction in the value of inventory	—			21,684			5,794
Marketing, general and administrative	37,418			33,520			29,888
Reduction in the value of long-lived assets	—			84			—
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	77,247			86,146			90,592
Total operating expenses	157,094			185,959			170,107
Loss from operations	(66,604		)	(95,895		)	(87,396		)
Other income (expense):
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(2,254		)	(39,846		)	(109,092		)
Loss on equity issuance	(6,663		)	(748		)	(17,709		)
Interest income and expense, net of amounts capitalized	(35,854		)	(43,233		)	(67,828		)
Derivative gain (loss)	181,860			(286,049		)	(305,999		)
Other	3,229			3,786			(1,954		)
Total other income (expense)	140,318			(366,090		)	(502,582		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	73,714			(461,985		)	(589,978		)
Income tax expense	1,392			881			1,138
Net income (loss)	$	72,322		$	(462,866	)	$	(591,116	)
Income (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	0.07		$	(0.50	)	$	(0.96	)
Diluted	0.07			(0.50		)	(0.96		)
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic	1,020,149			934,356			614,959
Diluted	1,230,394			934,356			614,959

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

GLOBALSTAR, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In thousands)



	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Net income (loss)	$	72,322		$	(462,866	)	$	(591,116	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Defined benefit pension plan liability adjustment	787			(2,467		)	3,485
Net foreign currency translation adjustment	(2,722		)	(1,302		)	(856		)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,935		)	(3,769		)	2,629
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	70,387		$	(466,635	)	$	(588,487	)

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

GLOBALSTAR, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)



	Common Shares		Common Stock Amount			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Deficit			Total
Balances - December 31, 2012	489,086		$	49		$	864,175	$	(1,758	)	$	(367,922	)	$	494,544
Net issuance of restricted stock awards and recognition of stock-based compensation	1,213		—			1,823		—			—			1,823
Contribution of services	—		—			548		—			—			548
Common stock issued in connection with conversions of 8.00% Notes Issued in 2013	14,863		2			10,226		—			—			10,228
Issuance of stock to Exchanging Note Holders	30,319		3			12,124		—			—			12,127
Common stock issued in connection with conversions of 5.0% Notes	93,006		10			48,194		—			—			48,204
Warrants exercised associated with the 8.00% Notes Issued in 2009	21,353		2			22,216		—			—			22,218
Warrants exercised associated with the 5.0% Notes	6,707		1			2,312		—			—			2,313
Issuance of stock in connection with interest payments for 8.00% Notes Issued in 2009	1,279		—			644		—			—			644
Issuance of stock in connection with contingent consideration	3,939		—			1,844		—			—			1,844
Issuance of stock to Thermo in connection with the Consent Agreement, Common Stock Purchase Agreement, and Common Stock Purchase and Option Agreement	174,009		17			82,709		—			—			82,726
Purchase of stock in connection with the termination of a share lending arrangement	—		—			4,429		—			—			4,429
Return of stock in connection with the termination of a share lending arrangement	(10,185	)	(1		)	—